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Ultrasound VASCULAR > Ultrasound vascular 8-13 > Flashcards

Ultrasound vascular 8-13 Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What are we looking for in an arterial scan?

A

Occlusion

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of PAOD?

A

Intermittent claudication

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3
Q

What is claudication?

A

Pain in large muscle groups caused by activity

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4
Q

Where does claudication occur?

A

distal to site of disease

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5
Q

What is true claudication?

A

when symptoms are relieved with quiet standing

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6
Q

what is Ischemic rest pain?

A

Symptoms are more serve and have diminish flow. Pain occurs when legs are at rest.

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7
Q

What is advanced POAD? and symptoms?

A

Most severe state with tissue loss causing thick toenails, scaliness, elevation pallor, gangrene, blue toes.

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8
Q

How should a patient be positioned?

A

Head raised and legs at the same level as the heart

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9
Q

What happens if cuff isn’t right?

A 
narrow= false elevated pressure
wide= false low pressure
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10
Q

What is a normal abi?

A

about 1 *lower=worse POAD

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11
Q

Explain a normal thigh pressure?

A

30 m mHg higher than highest brachial. *higher = prox obstruction

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12
Q

Contraindications for treadmill testing?

A

Chest pain, Arrhythmias, Post myocardial infarction, unsteady, hypertension.

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13
Q

What is recovery time and what does it suggest?

A

ABI returns to normal within 5=single >10=multi

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14
Q

What is Plethysmography?

A

cuff is used to measure volume changes in limb

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15
Q

With plethysmography what does a moderate to severe disease look like?

A

delayed peak, round peak, and diastolic phase becomes convex.

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16
Q

What is Photoplethysmography (PPG)?

A

infrared light is used to detect variations in blood flow.

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17
Q

What is a normal toe brachail index?

A

> .8

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18
Q

Common location for POAD in arms?

A

sublavian to the prox axiallry

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19
Q

What difference in ABI for arms indicates a disease?

A

> 20

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20
Q

How to detect Thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Any postion should be held for 30 secs. to see if symptoms happen. **TOA example when raising your arm

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21
Q

What is Raynaud?

A

from cold sensitivity or emotional stimuli that can be either primary or secondary.

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22
Q

What id the difference between primary and secondary Reynaud?

A 
Primary= vasopspam only (younger)
secondary= fixed obstruction with associated vasospasm. (older)
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23
Q

What is secondary reynauds associated with?

A

tissue loss, trauma, and scleroderma, cancer, drug induced, autoimne.

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24
Q

What is the Allen test?

A

used to determine digital perfusion prior to certain surgical procedures

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25
Signs and symptoms of acute arterial insufficiency?
Pallor, Pulselessness, Paralysis, Parthesia, Pain, Coolness
26
Risk factors for lower extr. arterial insufficiency?
Diabetes, Hypertension, Smoking, Obesity, Age, Heredity, Gender
27
Normal findings for spectral analysis:
PSV does not increase, High resistance=sharp upstroke, rapid deceleration, retrograde in early, Antegrade in late
28
What is contrast arteriography?
"GOLD STANDARD" for arterial stenosis.
29
What are some limitations to using a arteriography?
Delineates patent arterial lumen only. Missed thromobsis in pop. Low flow=poor. Radiation.
30
What causes a upper extremity arterial disease?
Mechanical obstruction. Embolism. Trauma. Raynaud. Occulsion.
31
Where does most atherosclerotic disease in upper ex occur?
lt prox subclavian if extensive it is in aortic arch
32
What is Takayasu arteritis?
it is a auto imune disorder that affects the arteris of the aortic arch and visercal abdominal aorta. Result of long occlusion or stenosis.
33
Who is common for takaysu?
women 20-30's
34
Symptoms of takaysau?
acutley: fever, malaise, arthralgias, and myalgias
35
Who is common for giant cell?
white women in 40
36
What arteris are affected by giant cell?
opthalmic, subclavian, axillary, superfical temporal.
37
Who gets thromboangiitis (buerger)?
smokers under 50
38
What vessels get buerger?
small vessels of hands and feet
39
How to improve buerger?
stop smoking
40
Patients with dialysis grafts or fistulas may have
gangrene from end stage renal disease
41
Downfall to a prosthetic bypass graft
poor long termed patency rates
42
Why are autogenous vein grafts preffered?
better long term patancy
43
What is in situ bypass graft?
vein being used for bypass is left in its original anatomic position usually the great saphenous v. Lareg to small.
44
What is the difference in orthograde and retrograde by pass grafts both can be freed from natural postion
Orthograde=lyzing valves retrograde= flipping vein both= large to small
45
When do you have problems with bypass grafts and what are they?
technical occurs within 30 days | problems = retained valve, intimal flap, problems at suture, graft intapment, thrombosis
46
Between 1-24 months what can occur with a bypass graft?
myointimal hyperplasi creating stenosis or a stenosis..
47
After 24 months what can occur?
progression of atherosclerotic disease in inflow or outflow vessel. OR aneurysmal dialation
48
What images are needed for a bypass graft check up?
``` infow prox anastomosis mid graft sistal anasomosis outflow ```
49
How do PTFE grafts appear?
double line
50
What is myometrial hyperplasia?
rapid proliferation of cells into intimal layer
51
Normal bypass waveform?
multiphasic. high resistance. reversal may be absent in earlt period.
52
What an foward flow in diastol be a sign of?
indication of hyperemia or arteriovenous fistula
53
Stenosis categorization
Normal below 150 cm/s...... Above 180=abnormal
54
Treatments for PAD:
Medical treatment surgical reconstruction/ graft endovascular therapy
55
Types of endovascular treatments:
PTA, Subintmal angio mechanical atherectomy stent graft angio
56
Nonatherosclerotic disease include
inflammatory,,, congenital abnormalities,,,, aquird,,, injuries
57
What is Vascular arteritis?
Inflammatory that affects vessels
58
W/ arteritis inflammatory process involves?
media cells infiltrated w/ white blood cells muscular and elastic portions are eroded fibrosis develops weak wall and necrosis
59
Symptoms of arterisi
claudication decreased asymmetrical bp TIA/ STROKE symptoms
60
ANother name for giant cell arteritis
temporal arteritis
61
Symptoms of Giant cell arteritis
``` temporal headaches tenderness over superfical temp artery decreased pulse asymmetrical bps cord-like structure over temporal artery aching/stiffness in neck jaw claudication visulal disturbances ```
62
Labs for Giant cell =
elevated erythrocyes sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein
63
Symptoms of Takayasu arteritis
``` absent peripeheral pulse brachial bp difference light headednes amaurosis fugax diplopia tias hemiparesis upper extemity claudication ```
64
Does Buerger affect one side or both?
both but one is worse
65
Radiation Induced arteritis???
rare from radiation therapy for cancer.... results in perivascular fibrosis, inflammation, and acceleraion of atherosclerosis
66
What is embolic disease?
occlusion or obstruction of an artery by a transported clot of blood or mass, bacteria, or other foreign substance
67
Where do most arterial emboli come from?
80-90% cardic source
68
What causes cardiac emboli?
``` arterial fib********most common post myocardial infarction lt ventricle mechanical heart valves intracardiac tumors vegetation paradoxical emboli ```
69
What % of emboli arises from outside of the heart
10-20%
70
Other sources for emboli rather than the heart
subclavian atherosclerotic disease in the aorta, iliac, femoral, pop mural thrombosus from aneurysms in these vessels
71
Where does most pseudoanerysms, injurys occcur?
femoral artery as a result of catheter based procedur
72
Pseudoaneurysms symptoms
mass ecchymosis pain extrinsi compressing that causes nerve irriation and venous compression swelling
73
AV fistula injury???
abnormal connection b/w artery and vein from trauma or catherization
74
signs and symptoms of av fistula injury
bruit papable thrill hematoma
75
Arterial occlusions trauma ????
occurs after various interventions or cannulations
76
With a arterial occlusion injury a pt may present with
partial to complete thrombosis | cold, pulseless leg
77
What is popliteal artery entrapment syndrome?
occurs when pop artery is compressed by medial head of gastrocnemius muscle or adjacent tendons result of congenital deformity
78
repeated compression of pop artery can produce?
aneurysm formation thromboembolism thrombosis
79
Symptoms of pop artery entrapment syndrome
``` claudication in young may occur after extensive exercise may be chronic may occur with walking not running parasthesia and numbness have been recorded ```

Ultrasound VASCULAR (1 decks)

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