Umbilicus Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the most obvious feature of the anterior abdominal wall?
The umbilicus
What does the umbilicus represent?
Site of attachment of the fetal umbilical cord
At what vertebral level is the umbilicus in adults?
Between L3 and L4
Where is the umbilicus positioned in newborns?
Slightly lower due to poorly developed pelvis
Why does the umbilicus shift lower in old age?
Due to diminished abdominal muscle tone
What does the umbilicus act as for venous and lymphatic drainage?
Water-shed line
In which directions do venous blood and lymph flow relative to the umbilicus?
Upward above and downward below
Which dermatome level is at the umbilicus?
T10
What is the clinical significance of the T10 dermatome at the umbilicus?
Visceral pain of appendicitis is referred here
What major anastomosis site involves the umbilicus?
Portocaval anastomosis
Why should surgical incisions avoid the umbilicus?
It has cosmetic value, especially in females
What forms the skin supply around the umbilicus?
T10 spinal segment
What embryological structure meets at the umbilicus?
Four folds of embryonic plate
What defect exists in the linea alba at the umbilicus in embryos?
Umbilical ring
When does the midgut loop herniate into the umbilical cord?
5th to 10th week of intrauterine life
When does the midgut return to the abdomen?
10th to 12th week of intrauterine life
What projects into the umbilical cord from the endoderm?
Allantois, umbilical vessels(two arteries and one vein) and vitello-intestinal duct
What is the origin and fate of the allantois?
Diverticulum of cloaca
What is the fate of vitello-intestinal duct?
May persist as Meckel�s diverticulum
How many and which umbilical vessels are there?
Two arteries and one vein
What does the left umbilical vein become?
Ligamentum teres
What do the umbilical arteries become?
Medial umbilical ligaments
What does the urachus become?
Median umbilical ligament
What results from persistence of vitello-intestinal duct?
Faecal fistula
