Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTutor Neuro > UMN/LMN DDx > Flashcards

UMN/LMN DDx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of an UMN disease?

A

Tone: hypertonic/spasticity
Reflexes: hyperreflexia
Strength: weakness
Involuntary movements: spasm, intention tremors etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of a LMN disease?

A

Tone: flaccidity
Reflexes: hypo reflex is
Strength: weakness
Involuntary movements: fasciculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the UMN diseases?

A

Stroke, SCI, MS, TBI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the LMN diseases?

A

GBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stroke

A

UMN
Sensory: Sensory+motor impaired or absent (depends on lesion)
Tone: hypertonic/spasticity; initial flaccidity during cerebral shock
Reflexes: hyperreflexia
Strength: contralateral weakness or paralysis
Muscle: normal during acute & disuse atrophy in chronic
Involuntary movements: spasm
Impaired balance
BRUNNSTROMS STAGES OF RECOVERY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SCI

A

UMN
Sensation/motor: sensory+motor impaired or absent below the level of lesion
Tone: spasticity below the level of lesion. Initial flaccidity during spinal shock
Reflexes: hyperreflexia
Strength: paraplegia/paresis; tetraplegia/paresis
Muscle: disuse atrophy
Involuntary movements: spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

LMN?? UMN???
Sensation not affected
Tone: rigidity/leadpipe uniform resistance, cogwheel ratchet like
Reflexes: normal or decreased
Strength: disuse weakness in the chronic stage
Muscle: disuse atrophy or normal
Involuntary movements: resting tremor
Stooped posture
Festinating gait, on-off phenomenon of drugs, pill rolling tremors, rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GBS

A

LMN (autoimmune disease affecting the PNS)
Sensation/motor: motor+sensory distal extremities more affected than proximal/symmetrical
Tone: flaccidity
Reflexes: hyporeflexia
Strength: B/L distal to proximal muscle weakness
Muscle: muscle atrophy, weakness
NO INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
Rapid onset of weakness with bilateral symptoms peaking at 2-3 weeks progressing no greater than 4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ALS

A

UMN+LMN (motor neuron disease)
Motor/sensation: pure MOTOR condition/asymmetrical
Tone: spasticity/hypotonicity
Reflexes: Hyper/hyporeflexia
Strength: weakness/atrophy
Involuntary movements: fasciculations
Posture is normal initially until deterioration and they are WC bound
Pt has pseudobulbar and bulbar palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MS

A

UMN (demyelination of axons and white matter)
Motor and sensory affected
Tone: spasticity
Reflexes: hyperreflexia
Strength: weakness can vary from mild to total paralysis
Muscle: atrophy 2’ inactivity/disuse
Involuntary movements: intention and postural tremors can occur, spasms
Uthoff’s phenomenon, Lhermitte’s sign, pseudobulbar effect, Marcus Gunn pupil, optic neuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MG

A

Disorder of NMJ autoimmune condition
Pure motor, proximal muscles more affected than distal
Strength: weakness worsens with activity
Fatigable and rapidly fluctuating asymmetric proxies is a hallmark of the problem.
Symptoms show a fluctuation in intensity and are more severe late in the day or after prolonged activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the scale for Parkinson’s disease?

A

Hoen and Yahr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is stage one Hoehn and Yahr?

A

Minimal or absent disability, UNILATERAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is stage 2 Hoehn and Yahr?

A

Minimal bilateral or midline involvement, no balance involvement
(2 for both sides beginning to be affected)_

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hoehn and Yahr stage 3?

A

Impaired balance, some restrictions in activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hoehn and Yahr stave IV?

A

All symptoms present and severe, stands and walks only WITH ASSISTANCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hoehn and Yahr stage V?

A

Confinement to WC or bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stage I of ALS?

A

Early disease, mild focal weakness, asymmetrical distribution; symptoms of hand cramping and fasciculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stage II of ALS?

A

Moderate weakness in groups of muscles, some wasting of muscles, modified independence with assistive devices

20
Q

Stage III of ALS?

A

Severe weakness of specific muscles, increasing fatigue; mild to moderate functional limitations, still ambulatory

21
Q

Stage IV of ALS?

A

Severe weakness and wasting of LE’s, mild weakness of UE’s, moderate assistance and assistive devices required, WC users **

22
Q

Stage V of ALS?

A

Progressive weakness with deterioration of mobility and endurance, increased fatigue, moderate to severe weakness of whole limbs and trunk, spasticity, hyperreflexia; loss of head control *** , maximal assist

23
Q

Stage VI of ALS?

A

Bedridden, dependent ADLs, FMS; progressive respiratory distress

24
Q

What is Complex regional pain syndrome Type I?

A

Also referred to as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, presents with intense pain throughout the limb (UE or LE) but does not involve specific damage to the peripheral nervous system

25
Q

What is Complex Regional Pain syndrome Type 2?

A

Also called causalgia, involves specific damage to the peripheral nervous system (radiculopathy, plexopathy, or mononeuropathies) typically resulting in both overt motor and sensory neuropathic signs and symptoms

26
Q

Describe Relapsing-remitting MS?

A

Characterized by discrete attacks of neurological deficits (relapses) with FULL OR PARTIAL recovery (remission) in subsequent weeks or months; periods between relapses are characterized by lack of disease progression. Affects 85% of cases.

27
Q

Describe Primary Progressive MS?

A

Characterized by disease progression and a deterioration in function from onset; patients may experience modest fluctuations in neurological disability but discrete attacks DO NOT OCCUR.

28
Q

Describe Secondary Progressive MS?

A

Characterized by an initial relapsing-remitting course with a steady decline in function, with or without acute attacks.

29
Q

Describe Progressive-relapsing MS?

A

Characterized by a steady deterioration in disease from onset (similar to PPMS) but with occasional acute attacks; intervals between attacks are characterized by continuing disease progression.

30
Q

What does the Brunnstrom scale measure?

A

Synergy - It measures motor recovery

31
Q

What is stage 1 of the brunnstrom scale?

A

Flaccid

32
Q

What is stage 2 of the Brunnstrom scale?

A

It takes 2 to move- some spastic tone through ROM, no voluntary motion

33
Q

What is stage 3 of the Brunnstrom scale?

A

Marked spasticity throughout all ROM, voluntary movement in synergy

34
Q

What is stage 4 of the Brunnstrom scale?

A

Decreased spasticity, initial voluntary movement in synergy, can break parts

35
Q

What is stage 5 of the Brunnstrom scale?

A

Minimal spasticity, slight increase in tone, can initiate out of synergy
“High 5”

36
Q

What is stage 6 of the Brunnstrom scale?

A

Close to normal, difficulty with quick tasks, no spasticity

37
Q

What is stage 7 of the Brunnstrom scale?

A

Normal

38
Q

What is a “0” on the Modified Ashworth Scale?

A

No increase in muscle tone

39
Q

What is a 1 on the Modified Ashworth Scale?

A

Slight increase in tone w/ CATCH AND RELEASE, minimal resistance AT END OF ROM

40
Q

What is a 1+ on the Modified Ashworth Scale?

A

Slight increase in tone with CATCH AND SLOW RELEASE
Through LESS THAN HALF of ROM

41
Q

What is a 2 on the Modified Ashworth Scale?

A

Increased tone through >1/2 of ROM, affected part is easily moved

42
Q

What is a 3 on the Modified Ashworth Scale?

A

PROM difficult

43
Q

What is a 4 on the Modified Ashworth Scale?

A

Rigid, stuck

44
Q

Decerebrate posture?

A

More E’s
Rigid extension of all 4 limbs and trunk and neck.
Seen in comatose/brain stem lesion patients

45
Q

Decorticate posture?

A

Upper limbs in flexion and lower limbs in extension

PTutor Neuro (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions