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understanding the self > Understanding the Self > Flashcards

Understanding the Self Flashcards

1
Q

It employs the inquisitive mind to discover the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of everything.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

Pertains to the desire for truth by formulating never-ending questions to provide answers to every inquiry about the nature of human existence.

A

Love of Wisdom

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3
Q

Who were the three greek philosophers that introduced the philosophical framework for understanding the self?

A

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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4
Q

Who suggested the “know thyself”?

A

Socrates

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5
Q

Did the philosophers agree that self-knowledge is a prerequisite to a happy and meaningful life?

A

Yes

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6
Q

A subject that presents various philosophers offering multiple perspectives on just about any topic including the self.

A

Philosophy

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7
Q

Define Dualism

A

A belief that we have two elements - body and soul

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8
Q

How did we know about Socrates?

A

Through his students (Plato & Aristotle)

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9
Q

What is the greek aphorism of “know thyself”?

A

Gnothi Seauton

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10
Q

Who posited that “one could act according to his/her own definition of the self without any doubt and contradiction”?

A

Socrates

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11
Q

What are Socrates’s basic questions?

A

“Who am I?”, “What is the purpose of my life?”, “What am I doing here?”, or “What is justice?”

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12
Q

Knowing one’s capabilities and potential. It is through ______ that one’s self emerges

A

Self-knowledge

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13
Q

Possession of ______ is virtue and _______ is vice.

A

knowledge and ignorance

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14
Q

“The only true wisdom is in knowing you know ______”

A

nothing

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15
Q

There is no right or wrong answers to the question posited by ______.

A

Socrates

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16
Q

For Socrates, every man is composed of?

A

Body and Soul

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17
Q

Every human person is ________, that is, composed of two important aspects of his personhood.

A

Dualistic

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18
Q

For Socrates, all individuals have an _________ aspect to him and the body

A

imperfect, impermanent

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19
Q

The soul according to Socrates is?

A

Perfect and Permanent

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20
Q

What is the ruler of the body to Socrates?

A

Soul

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21
Q

_____- pre-existed the body, and _____ is what makes the body alive.

A

Soul

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22
Q

Who was the greek philosopher and was a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle?

A

Plato

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23
Q

According to Plato, man is a ______- ______ of body and soul.

A

Dual Nature

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24
Q

What are the three components of the soul to Plato?

A

Rational Soul, Spiritual Soul, and Appetitive Soul

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25
Q

In his magnum opus, “The Republic” Plato emphasizes that justice in the human person can only be attained if the three parts of the soul are working ______.?

A

Harmoniously with one another

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26
Q

Forged by reason and intellect has to govern the affairs of the human person.

A

Rational Soul

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27
Q

In charge of the emotions and should be kept at bay.

A

Spirited Soul

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28
Q

In charge of basic desires like eating, drinking, sleeping, and having sex are controlled as well.

A

Appetitive Soul

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29
Q

Plato argued that the soul is external and constitutes the ________ _____ because even after death, the continues to exist.

A

Enduring the Self

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30
Q

St.Augustine agreed that man is of a _______ nature.

A

bifurcated

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31
Q

The ____ is bound to die on earth and the ____ is to anticipate living eternally.

A

Body & Soul

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32
Q

The goal of every human person is to attain this ________ and ________ with the Divine by living his life on earth in virtue.

A

Communion & Bliss

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33
Q

Individual identity: the idea of the self. This is achieved through a ________.?

A

Twofold Process

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34
Q

Self-presentation, which leads to _______.?

A

self-realization.

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35
Q

Who is the Father of Modern Philosophy?

A

Rene Descartes

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36
Q

What is the famous treatise of Rene Descartes?

A

The Meditations of First Philosophy

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37
Q

Translate “cogito ergo sum.”

A

“I think, therefore, I am.”

38
Q

The self for Descartes is a combination of two distinct entities, the ______, the thing that thinks, which is the mind, and the _______ or extension of the mind, which is the body.

A

Cogito & Extenza

39
Q

For Descartes, the body is nothing but a ______ that is attached to the mind.

A

Machine

40
Q

Western Philosophy is largely based on the writings of?

A

Rene Descartes

41
Q

For Rene, Man is a?

A

Rational Animal

42
Q

What is the word derived from the surname of Descartes? That means finding a way of making things possible.

A

Diskarte

43
Q

John Locke’s main philosophy is that the self is founded on?

A

Consciousness or Memory

44
Q

Locke supports that _________ can be transferred from one substance (body & soul) to another.

A

consciousness

45
Q

This concept posits that everyone started as a blank slate, and the content is provided by one’s experiences over time.

A

Tabula Rasa

46
Q

A Scottish philosopher and has a very unique way of looking at a man.

A

David Hume

47
Q

Is the school of thought that espouses the idea that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced.

A

Empiricism

48
Q

The self is nothing else but a bundle of?

A

Impressions

49
Q

Are the basics objects of our experiences

A

Impressions

50
Q

The copies of our impressions

A

Ideas

51
Q

Hume’s materialism views the soul as a product of the?

A

Imagination

52
Q

Any concept of the self is simply _____ and ______

A

memory and imagination

53
Q

A german philosopher that theorized consciousness is formed by one’s inner and outer senses.

A

Immanuel Kant

54
Q

Comprised of one’s psychological state and & intellect

A

Inner Sense

55
Q

Consists of one’s senses and the physical world

A

Outer Sense

56
Q

The consciousness of oneself and of one’s psychological state or inner sense.

A

Empirical self-consciousness

57
Q

The consciousness of oneself and of one’s state via acts of apperception.

A

Transcendental Apperception

58
Q

The faculty that allows for application of concepts

A

Appperception

59
Q

Without the ____, one cannot organize the different impressions that one gets in relation to his own existence.

A

Self

60
Q

Sex urges

A

Libido

61
Q

Unconscious motives of which we are not aware lie where?

A

Substrata of our consciousness

62
Q

Freud believed that all human behavior is energized by

A

Psychodynamic Forces

63
Q

What are the two kinds of biological Instincts?

A

Eros (life instinct) & Thanatos (death Instinct)

64
Q

Helps the individual survive; directs life-sustaining activities Ex. respiration, eating, sex

A

Eros or life instinct

64
Q

Viewed as the destructive forces present in all human beings. Ex. destructive acts like arson, murder, war

A

Thanatos (death instinct)

65
Q

What are the three fundamental structures of the human mind according to Freud

A

Id, Ego, & Superego

66
Q

The most primitive out of the three structures. Urges without fear of consequences nor regard for discipline.

A

Id

67
Q

Id occupies the _____ of the mind

A

unconscious level

68
Q

Moral arm of the personality or obey the morality principle. Serves as the conscience.

A

Superego

69
Q

It is less primitive than the Id and is partly conscious and partly unconscious.

A

Ego

70
Q

What are the three levels of mind according to Freud?

A

The conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind.

71
Q

Freud likened the three levels of mind to an?

A

Ice-berg

72
Q

Contains all of the thoughts of which we are aware at any given moment.

A

The conscious mind

73
Q

Contains all of the thoughts of which we are not aware of at the moment.

A

The preconscious mind

74
Q

Contains all of the thoughts of which we are not aware at the moment.

A

The preconscious mind

75
Q

Is a reservoir of feelings. Contains all of the thoughts of which we are not aware or that are outside of our conscious awareness.

A

The unconscious mind

76
Q

British Philosopher that opposed Rene Descrates

A

Gilbert Ryle

77
Q

Ryle supported the basic notions of?

A

behavioristic psychology

78
Q

What is Gilbert Ryle’s theory called?

A

Logical Behaviorism or Analytical Baheviorism

79
Q

In his work Concept of Mind (1949), Ryle described Descartes’ mind-body dualism as?

A

“ghost in the machine”

80
Q

Ryle posited the saying?

A

” I act, therefore I am.”

81
Q

For Ryle, the self is a combination of the ___ and the ___.

A

Mind & Body

82
Q

They introduced eliminative materialism and they are also neuroscientists.

A

Paul & Patricia Churchland

83
Q

A radical claim that ordinary, common sense understanding of the mind is deeply wrong and that some or all of the mental states posited by common sense do not actually exist.” (Ramsey,2013)

A

Eliminative Materialism

84
Q

For them, the is nothing but the brain, or simply, the self is contained entirely within the physical brain.

A

The Churchlands

85
Q

One must study the _____, not just the ____.

A

Brain & Mind

86
Q

Is a french phenomenological philosopher.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

87
Q

Ponty says that the mind and body are so ______ that they cannot be separated from one another.

A

Intertwined

88
Q

Maurice Merleau-Ponty distinguished the body into two types.

A

Subjective and objective body

89
Q

As lived and experienced

A

Subjective Body

90
Q

As observed and scientifically investigated

A

Objective Body

understanding the self (1 decks)

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