Unemployment and the Environment Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is unemployment?
People are actively seeking work but cannot find employment.
What is the Measure of Unemployment?
International Labour Organisation (ILO)
Defines unemployment as…
Those without a job, want a job, have actively sought work in last 4 weeks.
Out of work, have found a job and are waiting to start in next 2 weeks.
What is the Claimant Count?
Claimant Count- Counts the number of people claiming unemployment related welfare benefits. Eg Jobseekers allowance
What does economically inactive mean?
Economically Inactive-
Those not involved in the labour market– they are neither working or actively seeking employment
What are the types of unemployment?
-CYCLICAL
-STRUCTURAL
-FRICTIONAL
-SEASONAL
-VOLUNTARY
What is CYCLICAL unemployment?
CYCLICAL- Unemployment, caused by falling demand, and is linked to the economic cycle.
What is FRICTIONAL unemployment?
FRICTIONAL- Unemployment, usually for a short period of time, as workers move from one job to another.
What is SEASONAL unemployment?
SEASONAL- Unemployment caused when seasonal workers are laid off because the season has ended.
What is VOLUNTARY unemployment?
VOLUNTARY- Unemployment from people choosing not to work (a particular job or at a wage rate.)
What is STRUCTURAL unemployment?
STRUCTURAL- Unemployment caused by changes in the structure of the economy.
Refers to the ability of workers to move geographically and occupationally between different jobs.
What is GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILITY?
Geographical mobility- The ability of workers to move to different locations for work.
What is OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY?
Occupational mobility- The ability of workers to move from one occupation to another due to having wide ranging skillset.
What are the IMPACTS of UNEMPLOYMENT?
Output- Lower and national income and living standards lower… However automation?
Use of scarce resources- Wasted resources and reduced national income
Poverty- State benefits lower than wages
Benefits- Extra spending has an opportunity cost
Tax revenue- Decreases, borrow more? Increase
taxes?
Consumer Confidence- Will fall, reduced job security, reduced AD
Business Confidence- Redundancy money and reduced sales, less investment projects
Society- Geographical (local unemployment), stress (relationships), poorer health, crime (necessities)
What is UNDEREMPLOYMENT?
Underemployment refers to a situation where individuals are employed but are working fewer hours than they desire or are overqualified for the job.
What are some Business activity that damages the environment?
Mining
Power Generation
Chemical Processing
Agriculture
Deforestation
Construction
Visual Pollution
Noise Pollution
Air Pollution
How does Visual Pollution impact the environment?
Visual Pollution- smoke from power stations, giant office blocks, overflowing skips
How does Noise Pollution impact the environment?
Noise Pollution- Jet engines, music and loud conversations, machinery, traffic
How does Mining impact the environment?
Mining- tailings (waste material left over) can be produced and its possible toxic and radioactive elements leak into water systems. Huge open-cast mines also scar countryside and destroy wildlife. Also large quantities of water, can cause wastewater to threaten fresh drinking water supply
How does Power Generation impact the environment?
Power Generation- Burning fossil fuels- coal and oil. Emissions, climatic and visual impacts. Greenhouse gases- carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and acid rain. Also nuclear power stations through leaking of radioactive material.
How does Chemical Processing impact the environment?
Chemical Processing- Benzene used. Hazardous air pollutants causing cancer and other health issues. Volatile organic compounds such as ethylene and propylene into atmosphere. This forms ozone and may increase lung and heart problems.
