Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DNL > Union Européenne > Flashcards

Union Européenne Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Germany’s importance in the EU

A

First GDP in Europe and fourth economic power in the world, first contributor to the EU’s budget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Germany’s exports are known for…

A

cars, machine tools and pharmaceuticals products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Germany’s trade shifted from relying on which to country to which other country ? When ?

A

Shifted from China in 2017 to the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Regional inequality in Germany and why ?

A

The west is more advanced because of of the presence of innovation and important companies. The East struggles because of the historical factor : simply focused on production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

One of the poorest regions in Germany and the EU’s investment

A

Chemnitz (east) - 36 million euros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The immigration situation in Germany

A

They need qualified workforce but the AFD is getting stronger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who votes most for the AFD in Germany ?

A

Eastern regions (less educated about Nazi crimes because of their past isolation, violent choc after reunification, feeling of being less important than the West since the 90s and they never had the experience of immigration before)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Integration for members in the EU

A

Common market, political union, common territory, common currency, transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Maastricht treaty

A

92, allowed a part of a country’s budget to be used for “connection of European interest”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Green deal’s impact on transport

A

In 2024, 7 billion Euros were invested into green transportation projects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Green Deal

A

By 2050, making Europe carbon neutral. Lauched in 2019 by Ursula Von Der Leyen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

EU territories at the heart of globalisation and why ?

A

The megalopolis goes from London to Northern Italy, political and financial capitals, industries, and major infrastructures (Northern Range—Rotterdam, airports like Charles de Gaulle, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The EU’s place in the world economy

A

represents 15% of global trade and have a seat at the G20.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Social dumping and its consequences

A

when companies take advantage of lower labor standards or wages in certain countries (eastern Europe) to reduce production costs, often leading to unfair competition and pressure to weaken workers’ rights elsewhere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Critiques of the European Commision

A

too influenced by pro-free market lobbyists, boosting competition, many services are liberalized (electricity, transport), productive specialization making themp dependent on one activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of regional inequalities within European countries

A

rural margins (southern Italy) or urban margins (Marseille) -> pockets of poverty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Polish miracle

A

By 2026, its GDP will be equal to Japan’s, growth rate of +3.6%, market of 40 million people, motivated and competitive workforce, full employment, has tech companies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Challenges faced by Poland

A

Declining population, depends on coal, its rule of law is under dispute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cohesion policy

A

Redistribution from wealthy regions to poorer ones, helping lagging regions, regional competitiveness, territorial cooperation, structural funds (JTF).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

New goals from 2021-27

A

focus on 5 of the 11 priorities from the previous period: innovation, energy transition, better integration of transport and communication networks, reduction of social inequalities, and democratization of the EU.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Positive results of the cohesion policies

A

helping less developed regions, less cross-regional inequality, increase in GDP in helped regions, creation of infrastructure, jobs creation, upskilling workforce, research and innovation, encouraged specialization, developed renewable energy, improved healthcare, education and social services, aided marginalized groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Negative results of the cohesion policies

A

bureaucracy and complexity in fund management, corruption, not a miracle solution, benefits mainly richer households

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The CAP

A

Common Agricultural Policy, 1962, follows a productivist, protectionist with a united market and common prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The EU’s impact on agriculture’s trade and how much of its budget it represents ?

A

15 to 20% of the world’s agricultural exports/imports (first worldwide) and it’s 30% of its budget.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bad impact of the CAP
The largest producers get most support, overproduction crisis which sells products below their true cost and costs to the environment, and European countries start seing concurrence.
26
New CAP
2021, 9 objectives for 2027 : Fair income to farmers, competitiveness, fighting climate change, protecting food quality => reducing the use of chemicals by 50% and achieving 25% of organic farming areas by 2030.
27
Limits of the new CAP
No real aid for environmental objectives and they are conditional.
28
What were the strikes of the farmers in France in 2024 about ?
They had to produce less because of the environmental policies while the country made trade deals with Mercosur and Ukraine.
29
Enlargment
13 countries joined in 10 years, now focused on dealing with the countries that do not follow the EU's rules and ones that join now need to be 100% ready.
30
How do countries show they are ready to join the EU ?
prior admission to the single market, access to EU funds for economic restructuring before membership, and observer status in EU institutions
31
Example of country ready to join.
Montenegro will join in 2028
32
what's new evolution for EU's defense
Trump warned the Union that they should protect themselves (without NATO) as he wants Greenland and doesn’t support Ukraine anymore.
33
How are the EU's investments in defense ?
Spendings are low, fragmented, uncoordinated, and inefficient. Defence industrial bases are fragmented and defence equipment is usually bought from other countries like the US.
34
EU memebers heavily investing in armament
Poland, Germany
35
What does the Italian PM want for defense ?
“integrated single market for defence products”, allow mergers and defence firms, allow Investment Banks to lend to the defence and to loosen budget restriction so that countries can increase their defence spending
36
What are the limits for the EU's defense ?
Political barriers, some membes are ok with dependance, no country really wants to give power on their defence to the EU, they work on their own defence industry.
37
Treaty of Paris
52, creation of a European Defence Community was signed but not ratified. But the idea is coming back for some now.
38
Idea of the European Army
first discussed in 1950 but never accepted
39
40
EU's fiscal harmonization
Doesn't exist, the imbalance is increasing with small open economies (corporate income tax in Ireland 12% // Germany 30%) being the winners. Members are resisting EU intervention
41
The Dublin Regulation
Migrants need to apply for asylum in the first country in which they arrive which bothers front line countries like Greece, Italy, and Spain.
42
Most important entry point for migrants in the EU
Lampedusa in Italy “gateway to Europe”, followed by Malta and Greece.
43
Migration to the EU
most European migration is legal and it dropped from 1 million in 2015 to 220 000 in 2024.
44
the union on migration
No harmonization, Germany focusing on the integration of refugees compared to the rest of the Union
45
New pact on migration and asylum
2024, to harmonize policies between member states, enhance border management and establish a framework for shared responsibility and solidarity, facilitates deportation.
46
Example of a deal with outside EU countries to deal with immigration
with Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon, Mauritania, and Tunisia to help block migration in exchange for financial aid.
47
Emissions Trading System (ETS)
reduced emissions in power generation and heavy industry by placing a price on carbon.
48
Environmental standards and their limits
Water Framework Directive (improve the quality of water by 2015, extended), REACH (for chemicals regulation). Implementation gap, greenwashing, and dependance on the global supply chain.
49
Horizon Europe
promotes innovation in clean technology.
50
The EU 2030 Agenda
promotes gender equality, education, and access to healthcare.
51
Just Transition Funds
mitigates social and employment impacts of the green transition (mainly in carbon intensive regions).
52
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
focuses on rights while underpinning many sustainable development policies.
53
Social impacts from environmental policies
dangerous for jobs, rising gas prices, the engagement with marginalized populations is still weak, and migration policies can contradict
54
Development Aid and Global Governance
major donor to global development aid and humanitarian assistance, supports health, education and infrastructure in the Global South.
55
Erasmus
Allows students to study around the EU
56
Superpower
must be able to conduct a global strategy including the possibility of destroying the world ; to command vast economic potential and influence ; and to present a universal ideology.
57
EU's economy in the world
currently the second largest economy in the world, surpassing China. One of the top exporters and importers, the Euro is the second most used currency
58
Global gateway
aims to invest 300 billion dollars by 2027 in five sectors: digital; climate and energy; transport; health; and education and research. (seen as a response to the BRI)
59
"The Brussels Effect"
non-EU members need to follow their regulation, creating leadership without military power.
60
Difficulties of the Global gateway
wants to access certain raw materials while African countries would like to see support for local industrialisation, decentralization struggles to compete with China’s centralization, debt struggle.
61
Diplomatic reach
delegations in over 140 countries, mediator in conflicts (Iran nuclear talks), the European External Action Service allows them to act collectively in foreign policy…
62
Why is it difficult for the EU to talk in one voice ?
countries keep international relations to themselves, too many top officials with less democratic recognition, too complex decision making, need for unanimity and not majority.
63
France's place in the EU's economy
Second largest
64
What is seen as the motor of the EU ?
The Franco-German partnership

DNL (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions