Unit 0 (Chapter 1) Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What is behavior?
Behavior is made up of observable actions.
What are mental processes?
Mental processes are unobservable thoughts and analytics.
What are the four goals of psychology?
Describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior and mental processes.
Who is William Wundt? (Info Dump)
- Wundt is known as the first official psychologist, or the Father of psychology.
- He established the first psychological research institute and team.
- Used introspection in experiments.
What is structuralism, and who is credited for creating it? (Info Dump)
- Structuralism was created by Edward B. Titchener.
- This theory focused on understanding the different structures of the human mind to understand psychology.
- Used introspection.
What is functionalism, and who is credited for creating it? (Info Dump)
- Functionalism was created by William James.
- This theory focused on understanding the purpose of behavior to understand psychology.
- More accurate than structuralism.
What is psychoanalysis, and who is credited for creating it? (Info Dump)
- Psychoanalysis was created by Sigmund Freud.
- This theory focuses on analyzing unconscious processes.
- Most accurate psychological theory.
What is the behavioral perspective, and who is credited with developing it? (Info Dump)
- The behavioral perspective was developed by Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B. F. Skinner.
- This perspective only focuses on observable behavior in understanding psychology.
- All traits are learned and can be controlled with rewards and punishments.
What is the humanistic perspective, and who is credited with developing it? (Info Dump)
- The humanistic perspective was developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
-This perspective focuses on achieving full potential and meeting social needs such as love and acceptance.
What is the psychodynamic perspective, and who is credited with developing it? (Info Dump)
- The psychodynamic perspective was developed by Sigmund Freud.
- This perspective focuses on unconscious psychological processes to understand psychology.
Describe the biological perspective.
The biological perspective focuses on how genetics and environmental influences collaborate to affect one’s psychological nature.
Describe the cognitive perspective.
The cognitive perspective focuses on how people process and interpret information.
Describe the sociocultural perspective.
The sociocultural perspective focuses on how one’s culture and social experience affects their psychology.
Describe the evolutionary perspective.
The evolutionary perspective uses principles of evolution and examines adaptive traits due to natural selection.
What is psychology’s biggest debate, and what is its overall conclusion? (Info Dump)
- Psychology’s biggest debate is the nature vs. nurture controversy.
- Questions still arise about different aspects of the debate, but the overall conclusion psychologists have come to is that nurture works with what nature gives.
What are the three tiers (describe) of the biopsychosocial approach? (Info Dump)
- Biological Influences:
- Natural selection of adaptive traits.
- Genetic predispositions responding to the environment.
- I.e. Brain mechanisms, hormonal influences, etc. - Psychological Influences:
- Learned fears and expectations.
- Emotional responses.
- Cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations. - Social-Cultural Influences:
- Presence of others and their influences and expectations.
- Compelling models.
What is the difference between basic research and applied research?
Basic research builds on what we already know about psychology, while applied research aims to solve psychological problems that have not have any prior testing
What separates psychiatrists from psychologists?
Psychiatrists are licensed medical doctors who can diagnose mental disorders and prescribe medications for treating them.
What is the SQ3R method used for, and what does the acronym stand for?
The SQ3R method is used for studying psychology as a student. This acronym stands for:
S - Survey
Q - Question
R - Read
R - Rehearse
R - Review
What are some tips you can use to do well in AP Psychology? (Info Dump)
- Distribute your study time instead of cramming.
- Listen actively in class.
- Overlearn information.
- Be a smart test-taker.
