Unit 0: Revision

Question 1

Precision (repeatability)

Answer 1

The degree of exactness in a measurement

Question 2

Accuracy

Answer 2

The closeness of a measured value to the standard

Question 3

Random Error

Answer 3

1. Errors caused by human factor
2. Should be minimized as much as possible
3. Can be minimized by repeating trials (to receive the average of a trial)

Question 4

Systematic Error

Answer 4

1. Error/Offset in the instruments used for experiment
2. Both random and systematic errors are inevitable in a lab

Question 5

Analog Measurement Precision

Answer 5

Estimate to one digit beyond smallest marking

Question 6

Analog Uncertainty Range

Answer 6

± half the smallest division

Question 7

Digital Measurement Precision

Answer 7

Go the least significant digit’s place

Question 8

Digital Uncertainty Range

Answer 8

± the smallest division

Question 9

Significant Digits in the Uncertainty

Answer 9

Typically 1 (sometimes 2)

Question 10

Precision in Measurement

Answer 10

Must match uncertainty (i.e. same number of decimal places)

Question 11

Uncertainty in dependent variable across trials (given constant value of independent variable)

Answer 11

ΔY = (Ymax - Ymin)/2

Question 12

Rules of Data Tables (title and subtitle)

Answer 12

1. Title
2. Subtitle for independent and dependent variables

Question 13

Rules of Data Tables (uncertainties)

Answer 13

1. Uncertainties (identical or different for each trial)
2. No. of decimal places for data equal to that of the uncertainty

Question 14

Gradient of LOBF

Answer 14

1. Measures the value of an independent variable by the dependent variable
2. Ex: Time and velocity

Question 15

Y-intercept of LOBF [definition]

Answer 15

The measured value of the dependent variable when the independent variable is 0

Question 16

Y-intercept of LOBF [implications]

Answer 16

Can show discrepancies in the starting point and/or the data as a whole

Question 17

Line of Best Fit (LOBF) rules

Answer 17

1. Must meet the points in a graph and/or their uncertainty range
2. Doesn’t usually start at a y-value of 0 (depending on the graph)

Question 18

LOBF degree of equation

Answer 18

Depends on what graph is shown (ex: Exponential, Linear)

Question 19

Steepest and Shallowest LOBFs

Answer 19

Drawn LOBFs are often accompanied by a drawn steeper and shallower LOBF

Question 20

LOBF uncertainty

Answer 20

The uncertainty between the gradients and y-intercepts of the steepest and shallowest LOBFs

Question 21

Uncertainty in gradient (slope) of LOBF

Answer 21

ΔM = (Mmax - Mmin)/2

Question 22

Uncertainty in y-intercept of LOBF

Answer 22

ΔB = (Bmax - Bmin)/2

Question 23

“X is proportional to Y”

Answer 23

1. The x-y relationship is linear
2. (if asked to list two points) The dependent variable starts at 0

Question 24

Uncertainties from data:

Answer 24

1. The x-y relationship is linear
2. For certain: the dependent variable starts at 0

Question 25

Uncertainties from data: y = a ± b

Answer 25

Δy = Δa+ Δb

Question 26

Uncertainties from data: y = ab/c

Answer 26

Δy/y = Δa/a + Δb/b + Δc/c

Question 27

Uncertainties from data: y = a^n

Answer 27

Δy/y = n|Δa/a|

Question 28

Fundamental Unit

Answer 28

1. Those independent of other units 2. Serve as foundation for all derived units in physics

Question 29

Examples of Fundamental Units [A]

Answer 29

1. Length (m) 2. Mass (g) 3. Time (s)

Question 30

Examples of Fundamental Units [B]

Answer 30

1. Temperature (K, °C) 2. Current (amp) 3. Substance quantity (mol)

Question 31

Derived Unit

Answer 31

Those stated in terms of (or derived from) basic units

Question 32

Examples of Derived Units [A]

Answer 32

1. Frequency (Hz) 2. Energy/Work/Heat (J) 3. Pressure (Pa) 4. Angles (Degree, Radian)

Question 33

Examples of Derived Units [B]

Answer 33

1. Electric Charge (C) 2. Electric Resistance (Ω) 3. Force (Newton)