unit 0 test Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is the best way to ensure that results of a study are generalizable to a population?
By using a random selection of people in that population
If you ask only your friends to participate in a school survey, why might this data not be generalizable?
Sampling bias
The extent to which test scores are similar across the two administrations demonstrates which of the following test properties?
Reliability
Why is conducting a study of over 15,000 randomly selected participants highly generalizable?
The sample is representative of the population
The college students were not aware about the experiment’s location. What procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher?
Debriefing
Dr. Bell helps young children manage their anxiety. By following the principle of nonmalficence, which of the following is Dr. Bell doing for his clients?
Protecting them from physical and psychological harm
Because of studies in the past that exposed participants to danger without their knowledge, which of the following was added to the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines?
Research may not involve deception unless participants are debriefed
In a research study, informed consent is a concern of which of the following?
Ethics
Participants are told that once they begin the study they have to complete it. Which of the following violations of ethical guidelines occurs in the study?
Violation of the right to withdraw
In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children’s
problem-solving strategies
The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?
Psychodynamic
Paul has problems that stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist’s view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?
Cognitive
An evolutionary psychologist would explain that humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for which of the following?
Survival
An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of
Free will
Research on human mating preferences suggests that men place greater value on physical attractiveness and youthfulness, whereas women place greater value on social status and financial resources. Which of the following psychological points of view best explains this behavior?
Evolutionary
According to one theory of psychology, many people have mental illnesses because their maladaptive behavioqrs have proven rewarding for them in the past and thus have been continued. This belief is consistent with which of the following models?
Behavioral
Which of the following perspectives suggests that depression is due to the unconscious conflicts and hostile feelings that originate in early childhood?
Psychodynamic
Which of the following is required for a psychological experiment?
Precise operational definitions
The higher an incoming college student scores on an aptitude test, the higher the student’s college grade point average (GPA). Which of the following best describes this relationship?
A positive correlation
A developmental psychologist who studied peer pressure in middle schools obtained data from a large, representative sample of adolescents across the United States. This research most likely involved a
survey
Jane Goodall lived among wild chimpanzees intermittently for decades, studying their social and family systems while keeping her interaction with the chimpanzees to a minimum. Her research method can most accurately be described as
naturalistic observation
Synesthesia is a phenomenon that has been estimated to occur in only a few people in a million. Because of its rarity, researchers are likely to choose which research method to study it?
Case study
A researcher at a local university is studying the effect of low light in visual processing in the occipital lobe. The results of this correlational study involving student volunteers in a psychology laboratory might not apply to the general population because of which of the following?
The sample is not randomly chosen and therefore may not be a representative sample
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?
Type of television program viewed
