Unit 01 - Ocean life, productivity & man's impact (Vocabulary & Content)

Question 1

Warm-blooded organisms

Answer 1

endotherms

Question 2

Which phylum do octopus, squid and cuttlefish belong to?

Answer 2

mollusk

Question 3

The shallow area over the continental shelf

Answer 3

Neritic zone

Question 4

What is happening glaciers that is leading to rising global sea levels?

Answer 4

They are melting due to global warming

Question 5

Over time what happens to the levels of heavy metals in the tissues of animals?

Answer 5

It stays in the tissues

Question 6

A reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period time, caused primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere which reacts with seawater to produce acid.

Answer 6

Ocean acidification

Question 7

Animals that live in the sediment on the ocean floor

Answer 7

Infauna

Question 8

What are modern harpoon guns used to hunt?

Answer 8

whales

Question 9

What is a major problem with drift nets, longline fishing, trawling, and other commerical fishing methods?

Answer 9

by-catch

Question 10

Which zone includes all of the open water of the ocean?

Answer 10

pelagic

Question 11

A model of feeding relationships between organisms. Primary producers form the base; consumers eating one another form the higher levels, with the top consumer at the top.

Answer 11

trophic pyramid

Question 12

Swimming organisms that are able to move independently of water currents.

Answer 12

nekton

Question 13

Plants or algae that live on the ocean floor

Answer 13

Epiflora

Question 14

Organisms that live on or in the ocean floor

Answer 14

Benthos

Question 15

Which fin is used by fish and sharks for forward motion?

Answer 15

caudal fin

Question 16

A plant, fungus, or animal species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and which has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.

Answer 16

Invasive species

Question 17

To fish (an area) excessively; to exhaust the supply of usable fish in certain waters.

Answer 17

Overfishing

Question 18

The portion of a commercial fishing catch that consists of marine animals caught unintentionally.

Answer 18

Bycatch

Question 19

Which zone includes all of the ocean floor (bottom) at any depth?

Answer 19

benthic

Question 20

The process by which autotrophs bind light energy into the chemical bonds of food with the aid of chlorophyll and other substances. The process uses carbon dioxide and water as raw materials and yields glucose and oxygen.

Answer 20

photosynthesis

Question 21

What can sponge larvae do that adult sponges cannot?

Answer 21

swim

Question 22

Photoplankton and sharks can be on the same trophic pyramid. Which would have the highest population?

Answer 22

phytoplankton

Question 23

Photoplankton and sharks can be on the same trophic pyramid. Which would have the fastest reproduction rate?

Answer 23

phytoplankton

Question 24

Which phylum does a sea star belong to?

Answer 24

echinoderms

Question 25

What are any substances or energy that changes the water quality or affects the physical, chemical, or biologic environment known as?

Answer 25

pollution

Question 26

Cold-blooded organisms

Answer 26

ectotherms

Question 27

Planktonic animals that eat phytoplankton or other heterotrophic plankton and are unable to swim independently of the current.

Answer 27

zooplankton

Question 28

The synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic compounds using energy stored in inorganic substances within the Earth. This process does not use energy from the sun.

Answer 28

chemosynthesis

Question 29

Planktonic organisms that photosynthesize that are unable to swim independently of the current.

Answer 29

phytoplankton

Question 30

Refers to anywhere on the ocean floor.

Answer 30

benthic province

Question 31

What happens to the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water as depth increases?

Answer 31

it decreases

Question 32

The depth at which the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesizing autotrophs equals the carbohydrates the autotrophs need for respiration. Below this depth there is not enough light for photosynthesis.

Answer 32

compensation depth

Question 33

Animals that live on the surface of the ocean floor

Answer 33

Epifauna

Question 34

The thin film of lighted water at the top of the world ocean. This zone rarely extends deeper than 200 meters (660 feet).

Answer 34

photic zone

Question 35

What has happened to ocean acidity since the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 35

it is increasing

Question 36

What is another name for the tail fin of a shark or fish?

Answer 36

caudal fin

Question 37

What body part are many sharks intentionally caught for?

Answer 37

fins

Question 38

Organisms that can’t swim against the current

Answer 38

Plankton

Question 39

What do sharks use to control their buoyancy?

Answer 39

oily liver

Question 40

What is the name of the fin on underside of the fish or shark, closest to the tail fin?

Answer 40

anal fin

Question 41

The breakdown of matter.

Answer 41

decomposition

Question 42

What is a name for the fin that runs along the top of the fish or shark?

Answer 42

dorsal fin

Question 43

List four different types of cartilaginous fish.

Answer 43

sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras

Question 44

Pollution introduced into the envirnoment would be highest in what part of the food chain, at the beginning of the food chain or further up the food chain?

Answer 44

further up the food chain

Question 45

What level of a trophic pyramid would primary producers be located?

Answer 45

first level

Question 46

What do sharks use their ampullae of Lorenzini to detect?

Answer 46

electrical signals

Question 47

What do bony fish use to control their buoyancy?

Answer 47

swim bladder

Question 48

Organisms that can swim against the current

Answer 48

Nekton

Question 49

Which marine organisms live the longest lives those living in colder water or warmer water?

Answer 49

cold water

Question 50

What is the name of the fin on the side of a fish or shark?

Answer 50

pectoral fin

Question 51

Animal plankton

Answer 51

Zooplankton

Question 52

A biochemical process that releases of stored energy from chemical bonds in food; carbon dioxide and water are formed as byproducts.

Answer 52

respiration

Question 53

Photosynthetic plankton (plants and algae)

Answer 53

Phytoplankton

Question 54

The cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, especially fish, shellfish, and seaweed, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater environments.

Answer 54

Aquaculture

Question 55

Describe how quickly the phytoplankton in a food web would die if they stayed below the compensation depth for too long?

Answer 55

They will slowly starve to death

Question 56

Which class do octopus, squid and cuttlefish belong to?

Answer 56

cephalopod

Question 57

The dark ocean below the depth to which light can penetrate.

Answer 57

aphotic zone

Question 58

What type of arthropod do whales, like baleen whales, in polar regions feed on?

Answer 58

krill

Question 59

An organism that gets nourishment from other organisms because it is unable to make its own food molecules.

Answer 59

heterotroph

Question 60

What percentage of energy is available to each level of this diagram from the level below it?

Answer 60

10%

Question 61

An organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Answer 61

autotroph

Question 62

What level of a trophic pyramid would primary consumers be located?

Answer 62

second level

Question 63

What do fish and sharks use the lateral line for?

Answer 63

detect vibrations

Question 64

What happens to gas-filled body cavities as hydrostatic pressure increases with increasing depth?

Answer 64

they compress

Question 65

In general, which marine organisms reproduce the fastest those living in colder water or warmer water?

Answer 65

warm water

Question 66

The amount of carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Expressed in grams of carbon bound into carbohydrates per unit area per unit time (g C/m2/yr).

Answer 66

primary productivity

Question 67

What is the name of the fin on underside of the fish or shark, closest to the head?

Answer 67

pelvic fin

Question 68

Look at the following list of gases: carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, water vapor. Which gas does not belong in this list?

Answer 68

oxygen

Question 69

What type of organisms are missing from this food web and many other food webs?

Answer 69

decomposers