Unit 1 Flashcards
(160 cards)
0
Q
_
c
A
with
1
Q
res
A
resident
2
Q
_
s
A
without
3
Q
pt.
A
patient
4
Q
_
p
A
after
5
Q
SBA
A
stand by assist
6
Q
VS
A
vital signs
7
Q
PRN or prn
A
As needed
8
Q
C/O
A
complains of
9
Q
BID
A
twice a day
10
Q
TID
A
three times a day
11
Q
QID
A
Four times a day
12
Q
dx
A
diagnosis
13
Q
OOB
A
out of bed
14
Q
pc
A
after meals
15
Q
HOB
A
head of bed
16
Q
R/T
A
related to
17
Q
(Triangle)
A
change
18
Q
r/o
A
rule out
19
Q
BRP
A
bathroom privileges
20
Q
cc
A
cubic centimeters
21
Q
ml
A
milliliters
22
Q
ADL
A
activities of daily living
23
Q
amb.
A
ambulate
24
q
every
25
O2
oxygen
26
HTN
Hypertension
27
assisted living
A residence for people who require some help with daily care, but who need less care than a long-term care facility offers.
28
chain of command
the order of authority within a facility
29
delegation
transferring authority to a person for a specific task
30
dementia
The loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating
31
hospice care
Care for people who have approximately six months or less to live; care I'd available until the person dies
32
liability
a legal term that a person can be held responsible for harming someone else
33
long-term care
24 hour care provided for people with ongoing conditions who are generally unable to manage their ADLs
34
professionalism
the act of behaving properly for a certain job
35
rehabilitation
a program of care given by a specialist or a team of specialists to restore or improve function after an illness injury
36
skilled care
medically-necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist
37
Nursing home
LTC - long term care
38
LTC
A long term care facility is the residents home. Treat their rooms and possessions with respect
39
Dementia is not
a normal part of aging
40
active neglect
Intentionally :: purposely harming a person physically, mentally, or emotionally by failing to provide needed care
41
passive neglect
Not intentional :: unintentionally harming a person physically, mentally, or emotionally by failing to provide needed care
42
advanced directives
legal documents that allow people to decide what kind of medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves
43
assault
The act of threatening to touch a person without his or her consent
44
battery
Touching a person without his or her consent
45
civil law
Private law; law between individuals
46
criminal law
public law; related to committing a crime against the community
47
coercion
use of force
48
ethics
The knowledge of right and wrong; standards of conduct
49
HIPPA (health insurance portability and accountability act)
Privacy ; a federal law that sets standards for protecting the privacy of patients health information.
50
mandated reporters
people who are required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect due to their regular contact with vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in long- term care facilities
51
OBRA ( Omnibus budget reconciliation act )
Federal law that includes minimum standard of care
52
Ombudsman
Person assigned by law as the legal advocate for residents
53
DNR
Do not resuscitate = (/) code
54
Active listening
A way of communicating that involves giving a person your full attention while he is speaking and encouraging him to give information and clarify ideas; includes nonverbal communication
55
Body language
All of the conscious or unconscious messages your body sends as you communicate, such as facial expressions, shrugging your shoulders, and wringing your hands
56
Nonverbal communication
Communication without using words, such as making gestures and facial expressions
57
Objective information
Factual information collected using the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and touch; also called signs
58
Subjective information
Information collected from residents, their family members and friends; information may or may not be true, but is what the person reported; also called symptoms
59
Vital signs
Measurement- temperature, pulse, respirations,, blood pressure, pain level - that monitor the functioning of the vital organs of the body
60
90% of communication is
Nonverbal
61
Normal part of aging
Lose ability to hear high pitched frequencies
62
Talk
Low and slow
63
Last sense to go
Hearing
64
Hyper
Excessive / up / high
65
Hypo
Below / down
66
A (in front of a word)
Without or not
67
Brady
Slow
68
Tachy
Fast
69
Dys
Abnormal - labor
70
Body fluids
Tears, saliva, sputum (mucus coughed up) urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus or other wound drainage, and vomit
71
C. Diff - C. Difficile - clostridium difficile
A bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis; spread by spires in feces that are difficult to kill
72
Contaminated
Solid, unclean; having disease-causing organisms or infectious material on it
73
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma
74
Microbe
A tiny living thing visible only by microscope; also called a micro-organism
75
MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
An infection caused by specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics
76
Normal flora
Microorganisms that normally live and on the body and do not cause harm in a healthy person, as long as the flora remain in or at that particular area
77
Pathogen
Microorganisms that cause sickness / Microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease
78
PPE
personal protective equipment - a barrier between a person and pathogens; includes gloves, gowns, masks, goggles and a face shield
79
Nosocomial
Hospital acquired infection
80
2 kinds of microbes
```
Normal flora (good)
Pathogens (bad)
```
81
4 types of Pathogens
- bacteria (tb)
- virus (flu)
- parasites (scabies)
- fungi (yeast)
82
Bugs like 3 things..
- warm
- dark
- moist
83
Itis
Inflammation
84
Inflammation consists of 4 things..
- pain
- heat
- redness
- swelling
85
Chain of infection..
1. Causative agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Mode of transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. Susceptible host
86
Easiest way to break the chain of infection
Wash hands
87
Wash you hands for..
20 seconds / 2 inches above the wrist
88
The 2 "bad bugs"
Staph - MRSA
| Strep
89
4 types of isolation
Standard
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
90
Angina pectoris
Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort
91
Anti-embolic stockings
Special stockings used to help prevent swelling and blood clots and aid circulation; also called elastic stockings
92
Artery
Vessel that carries blood away from the heart
93
Capillaries
extremely small blood vessels that transports blood from arteries to veins.
94
CHF
Congestive heart failure
95
CHF - congestive heart failure
A condition in which the heart muscle is damaged and fails to pump effectively
96
Diastole
Phase when heart muscle relaxes
97
Hypoxia
A condition in which the body does bit receive enough oxygen
98
Ischemia
A lack of blood supply to an area
99
Nitroglycerin
Medication that releases the walls of the coronary arteries
100
Occlusion
A complete obstruction of a blood vessel
101
PVD
Peripheral vascular disease
102
PVD peripheral vascular disease
A condition in which the legs, feet, arms or hands do not have enough blood circulation
103
Systole
Phase where the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle
104
Vein
Vessel that carries blood to the heart
105
Arteries carry
O2 rich blood
106
Veines carry
O2 poor blood
107
SA NODE
Body's pacemaker - tells ventricles to push blood
108
Normal o2 saturation
97-100%
109
SA NODE normal bpm
60 - 90
110
Dysrhythmia / atrial fibrillation ..
Abnormal heartbeat :: Blood not moving = clots
111
Normal age-related changes for the circulatory system
- heart pumps less efficiently
- blood vessels narrow
- blood vessels become less elastic
112
Exacerbation
Sudden worsening of a pre-existing condition
113
Diuretic
Forces excess water out of your system
114
Cardiac problems cause..
Respiratory symptoms
115
Cardiomegaly
Enlarged heart - caused by overworking it
116
Side effects of NTG
- stings under tongue
- massive headache *wont feel better with Tylenol, lasts for about an hr*
- sudden, dramatic drop in blood pressure
117
MI - myocardial infarction
Heart attack
118
Infarction
Tissue death
119
Myo
Muscle
120
Vasodilator
Open up the vessels /make big
121
Anti-embolic / elastic stocking go on and off ....
On in the morning, when lying down . Off at night
122
Pulmonary embolism
Clot in the lung
123
120
------
80
Meaning of top and bottom number
Top - systole / systolic pressure
Bottom - diastole / diastolic pressure (mmhg)
124
Mmhg
Millimeters of mercury
125
Apical pulse
The pulse on the left side of the chest, just below the nipple
126
Apnea
The absence of breathing
127
BPM
The medical abbreviation for "beats per minute"
128
Brachial pulse
The pulse inside the elbow about 1 to 1.5 inches above the elbow
129
Bradycardia
A slow heart rate- under 60 BPM
130
Cheyne-stokes respiration
Type of respiration with periods of apnea lasting at least 10 seconds along with alternating periods of slow irregular respiration and rapid shallow respirations
131
Dyspnea
Difficultly breathing
132
Orthopnea
Shortness of breath when lying down that is relieved by sitting up
133
Prehypertension
A systolic pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of between 80 and 89 mm Hg. indicator that the person is likely to have high blood pressure in the future, even though he or she does bot have it now.
134
Radial pulse
The pulse on the inside of the wrist where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin
135
Respiration
The process of inhaling air into the lungs (inspiration) and exhaling air out of the lungs (expiration)
136
Systolic
First measurement of blood pressure; phase when the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle
137
Tachycardia
A fast heartbeat - over 100 BPM
138
Vital signs -VS
Measurements (body temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure and pain level) that monitor the function of the vital organs of the body
139
Vital signs
- B/P
- Pulse
- Respirations
- Temperature
140
Normal pulse
60-100
141
Temperature taking -most accurate to least ..
ROTA
- Rectal - 99.6* (R)
- Oral - 98.6*
- Tympanic (EAR) - 97.6* (T)
- Axillary (ARMPIT) - 97.6* (A)
142
Insert rectal how many inches
1/2 - 1 inch
143
What said should the lay when doing rectal ??
Left
144
When counting apical BPM count ..
Full 60 seconds
145
Counting BPM
30 seconds X 2 = BPM
146
Pulse deficit
Apical (minus) radial
147
Respirations - normal
12-20 bpm (breaths per min)
148
1 breath =
1 inhale and 1 exhale
149
Cheyne-strokes
End of life breathing pattern
150
Normal B/P
Less than 120/80
151
High blood pressure -HTN- hypertension
140/90
152
Pre-hypertension
139/89
153
Hypotension
Low blood pressure measuring 100/60 or lower
154
Orthostastic hypotension
Postural
155
Postural(s)
O----- laying down
O
|__ sitting up
|
O standing up
|
156
Sphygmomanometer readings (lines)
Each line 2 mmHg
157
Scale reading (lines)
Each line .25 lbs
158
Thermometer reading (lines)
.2*
159
With sphygmomanometer always round to an...
Even number
