UNIT 1 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
antitussive
take 20 mins before sleep when used for insomnia
avoid sugarless gum to prevent dry mouth
decreases extrapyramidal reaction make sure to check before and after admin
caution with <4 y.o
IM
over 75mg can initiate seizures.
what should you monitor ?
A
Benadryl
Diphenhydramine
2
Q
Benzodizepine Short term sedation post op amnesia termination of seizures activty IV monitor BP,Pulse,RR Fall risk after 24 hrs admn can cause drowsiness prevent anxiety to sedation monitor breathing can cause amnesia
A
Midazolam
Nayzilam, Versed
3
Q
Benzodiazpine known for potential abuse short term use does not cure underlying issue decreases anxiety assist with sleep alcoholics may use to help w/withdrwl do not mix w/other drugs adm 2 hrs prior to surgery
A
Lorazepam
Ativan
4
Q
slows progression of Alzhemiers does not cure LOC checked prior and during ttmt can cause dizziness (Fall Precaution) take in 5 mg and increase after 3 months up to 23mg take whole s/s overdose - N/V diahreaa, change in stool
A
Aricept
Donepezil
5
Q
Mood stabilizer
drink 2-3k ML a day
asses for suicidal ideation
lab work of renal, thyroid and diff cbc , electro, glucose periodaclly
tremors, lack loc = toxicity
can cause teratogenic causing disturbance to embryo/fetus
A
Lithium
Carbolith
6
Q
txt’s symptoms of Bipolar 1 disorder, mania and autism
asses BMI before and during therapy
asses suicidal ideation
mood stabilizer
can cause extrapyramidal reactions
monitor for hyperglycemia
has been approved for younger children by FDA
A
Risperidone
Risperdal
7
Q
Anticonvulsant Benzodiazepine asses mental state yellowing of skin indicates toxicity carry id card decreases panic attacks panic attack to be reported lab work needs to be done during therapy.
A
Klonopin
Clonazepam
8
Q
Blocks the effects of opioids in previously dependent patients.
Reduces alcohol-dependent behavior
comes in pre-filled syringes
need to be free of drug 7-14 days to medication
check liver function prior and during
report any abd pain yellowing of eye= hepatitis
admin q 4 wk or monthly
does not eliminate withdrawl symptoms
A
Vivitrol
Naltrexone
9
Q
management of alcoholism take in PM due to drowsiness check all other meds for alcohol alcohol free 14 days prior and during unpleaseant reaction blurred vision, chest pain, fainting, fast hb, flushed of face, trouble breathing.
A
Antabuse
Disulfiram
10
Q
ttmt for parkinson and alzheimers disease
transdermal
not a cure
Mild-moderate hepatic impairment–Do not exceed dose of 4.6 mg/24 hr.
result in a week or up to a month do not stop
LOC checked prior and during ttmt
include both pt and caregiver
A
Exelon
Rivastigmine
11
Q
can cause dependence benzodiazepine muscle relaxant IV - monitor Bp,Hr,RR monitor for 3hr after paranteral adm febrile seizure prophylactic
A
Valium
Diazepam
12
Q
when do you start Antabuse
A
12 days free of alcohol
omce a day, PO
13
Q
reportable symptoms of antabuse?
A
excessive tiredness Weakness Lack of energy Loss of appetite Upset stomach Vomiting Yellowness of the skin or eyes Dark urine
14
Q
what are possible exposure to alcohol ?
antabuse
A
paint fumes, paint thinner, varnish shellac, products containing alcohol
hand sanitizer
test on skin if no reaction safe to use
15
Q
how can a nurse educate a teacher about ADHD client ?
A
Positive reinforcement Rewards for good behavior Age appropiate consequences. allow more time for testing verbal instructions w/visual cues collaborate w/school nurse place in a room w/order and rules include regular breaks
16
Q
tolerance?
A
normal adaptation to long-term use of a drug
17
Q
physical dependence ?
A
body and brain has adpated to the presence of a drug so that it is needed for normal function
18
Q
addiction?
A
known as Psychological dependence disease of brain that causes compulsive pursuit of drug
19
Q
pseudoaddiction ?
A
misinterpretation of addiction for those seeking pain relief
20
Q
what are the types of opioid dependence?
A
tolerance
physiological dependence
psychological dependence aka addiction
pseudoaddiction
21
Q
who are most likely to commit suicide?
A
females LBTG+ members military personeel corbid mental ill pts older male adults adolescents
22
Q
what should a nurse do if pt says they want to kill themselves ?
A
identify the suicide plan
The priority assessment is to determine how lethal the method is, how available the method is, and how detailed the plan is.
23
Q
what is the priority for suicide clients?
A
safety
24
Q
how many stages of Alzheimers disease are there ?
A
7
25
early stage of Alzheimers?
no apparent manifestation
26
What is stage 2 of AD?
forgetfulness of items
| no memory problems
27
what is stage 3 of AD?
mild to moderate
| inability to plan , pat attention, unable to remember names, difficulty in social or work situations
28
what is stage 4 of AD?
```
mild to moderate cognitive decline
withdrawn
obvious memory loss
limited knowledge
difficulty planning/organizing
depression
social withdrawl
```
29
what is stage 5 of AD?
```
moderate cognitive decline
unable to recall important info
ex: addresses, telephone, schools
assistance with ADL's
disorientation
confusion to time and place
```
30
what is stage 6 of AD?
```
Moderate to Severe(late stage)
loss of awareness to recent events
can recall name but not hx
personality changes
wandering
assistance with adls
sleep cycle disrupted
increase incontinence
```
31
what is stage 7 of AD?
```
Sever decline
inability to respond to envoirment
inability to speak, movement is lost
incontinence
inability to eat w/o assistance
impaired swallowing
ataxia
```
32
what can cause problem with older adults on dosing?
risk for toxic reactions,
risk for adverse drug reaction due to multiple prescribed drugs,
everything in older adults diminishes GI,
inability to exert drugs
33
what can cause problem with peds in dosing?
not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pediatric populations, cause toxicity and multiple deaths,
34
dosing problem with infants?
Neonate and infant- absorption may be incomplete or altered secondary to differences in gastric pH or motility.
35
what are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
deficit or lose of normal function
36
what are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
```
hallucinations
delusions
Boundary Impairment
Disorganized Speech
Disorganized Thinking
Disorganized Behavior
Catatonic Behavior
```
37
what kind of relationship should the nurse establish with schizo pts?
Establish a therapeutic rapport with the patient, Convey acceptance and unconditional positive regard for the patient. Assure the patient of his or her safety.
Offer to accompany patient to milieu activities. Acknowledge the patient’s efforts to interact and attend activities.
38
what are treatments for schizophrenia ?
```
antipsychotic
psychotherapy
family education
social skills and therapy
anticholingernic agents to control side effects
```
39
what is phase 1 of schizoprenia?
Schizoid personality
social maladjustment, antagonistic thoughts and behavior, shy and withdrawn, poor peer relationships, doing poorly in school, antisocial behavior
40
what is phase 2 of schizoprenia ?
2.
Prodromal phase. Affected people continue to be socially withdrawn and begin to show behavior that is peculiar or eccentric. Role functioning is impaired, personal hygiene is neglected, and disturbances are evident in communication, ideation, and perception.
41
phase III - schizophrenia?
3.
Schizophrenia. This is the third and active phase of the disorder. Psychotic symptoms are prominent and include delusions, hallucinations, and impairment in work, social relations, and self-car
42
phase IV schizophrenia?
4.Residual phase. symptoms similar to those of the prodromal phase, flat affect and impairment in role functioning are prominent(negative symptoms)
43
what are safety measures for dementia clients?
Safe envoirment w/
Frequent monitoring
Keep clients away from stairs, elevators, exits.
Remove or secure dangerous items wthin clients enviorment.
Provide frequent walks.
Structured envoirment
44
what happens if anxiety goes unnoticied?
It is important to identify anxiety and intervene at lower levels, before escalation to severe or panic anxiety levels.
Can lead to harm to self and suicide
45
what is physiological dependence
Physical dependence is when a person has a chemical need for the drug.
46
what is psychological dependence ?
disease of the brain that causes the compulsive pursuit of a substance or behavior to obtain reward or relief from craving.
47
which is harder to treat physiological or psychological ?
psychological
48
Alert pt ?
responsive and able to fully respond
49
lethargic pt?
able to open eyes and respond but drowsy and falls asleep
50
stuporous pt?
patient requires painful stimuli to wake up and might not be able to respond
51
Comatose pt ?
unconscious and does not respont to painful stimuli
52
who is does the samaritan law not apply to
emergency response workers
| Healthcare staff
53
s/s of depression in preschool children
weight loss, lack of interest in play w/age group
54
s/s of depression in school-aged children?
trouble concentrating at school, paying attention, making decision, recalling information, less confident, stating “ I cant do anything right
55
s/s of depression in adolescents?
poor hygiene, stop communicating w/friends, lose interest in teen activites, risk for suicidal thoughts, depression more common in girls than boys.
56
what is delirium ?
large amounts of alcohol suddenly stop can cause delerium tremens
57
how is delirium treated?
hospitilization for pt safety
ativan
therapy
58
Agnosia ?
failure to recognize or identify objects
59
Amnesia?
loss of memory caused by brain degeneration
60
Aphasia?
language disturbance in understanding and expressing the spoken words
61
Apraxia?
inability to perform motor activities
62
what are potential causes for alzheimers?
```
advanced age
Chemical imbalances
Family HX
Genetic predisposition
Envoirmental agents
Previous head injury
Sex
Ethnicity/race.
```
63
what are some testing for Alzheimers ?
No defiinitve diagnostic procedure
Some procedures include- MRI, CT, CAT,PET, EEG
**Lumbar puncture of spinal fluid- presence of low leves of sBPP support diagnosis of AD. **
64
s/s for mania disorder ?
elevated mood, expansive and irritable;
requires hospitilzation,
last for 1 week.
65
s/s for hypomania?
last 4 days accompanied w/3or more manifestions of mania. No Hospital req.
blunted labile effect
66
what to educate teacher with a pt who has autism?
```
Reineforce communication.
Increase social awareness
Decrease unnacpt behaviors
Set realistic goals
Set clear rules
Promote positive reinforcement.
Decrease enviormental stimulation
Assist w/nutritional need
Introduce to new situations slowly
Commnuitcate at an age–appropriate level
```
67
what is anorexia ?
Fear of gaining weight
68
what is bulimia ?
Client eats a great deal of calories and follows with purging behaviors of enema or vomiting
69
what is associative looseness?
inability to concentrate on a single thought
| flight of ideas
70
what is neologism?
made up words that have meaning only to client
71
what is Echolalia ?
repetition of words spoken to them
72
what is clang association?
meaningless rhyming of words
| "fox,box,lox"
73
what is word salad?
words jumbled together with little meaning to the listener
| “hip hooray, the flip is cast and wide sprinting in the forest”
74
what is Circumstantiality ?
multiple and unneeded details during a conversation
| can talk about weather and outfit when asked plan for the day.
75
what is Tangentiality?
talks about trivial information rather than focus on the main topic of conversation;
can talk about lunch when asked about meds
76
what are some risk factors for ADHD ?
```
Familial Tendency
Exposure to toxins or medicines
Chronic otitis media
Meningitis
Head trauma
```
77
at what age can ADHD be revealed?
before age of 7
78
how long should a patient be from opioids before taking Vivitrol?
7-14 days
79
how is vivitrol given ?
IM
80
who should not take vivitrol ?
patients on current opioids
81
can IM vivtrol cause a reaction?
yes, contact dr if not cleared in 2 wks
82
how much fluid should a pt take on lithium?
2000-3000 ml a day
83
what labs should be done for those on lithium ?
```
renal
thyroid
wbc diff
serum elect
glucose
```
84
should the therapeutic levels reach over 2.0 mg when on lithium
NO
85
what are the normal therapeutic levels for lithium
NR 0.5-1.5 acute
| NR 0.6-1.2 Long term
86
what are reportable symptoms when on lithium
Fainting
Irregular pulse
Difficulty breathing
Fever, nausea, vomiting.
87
what does ABCDE stand for?
```
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
```
88
what are other ways to assist with Adhd in a classroom?
```
allow more time for testing
verbal instructions w/visual cues
collaborate w/school nurse
place in a room w/order and rules
include regular breaks
Positive reinforcement
Rewards for good behavior
Age appropiate consequences
```
89
what are possible exposure to alcohol when on antabuse ?
```
fumes
paint thinner
varnish shellac
hand sanitzer
anything containing alcohol
```
90
how long should the pt be free of etoh before taking antabuse ?
12 hrs
| once a day
91
what are reportable symptoms when on antabuse?
```
excessive tiredness
Weakness
Lack of energy
Loss of appetite
Upset stomach
Vomiting
Yellowness of the skin or eyes
Dark urine
```
92
```
can cause dependence
benzodiazepine
muscle relaxant
antipsychotic
carry id
monitor pt for 3hr after parental admn
when given iv you monitor bp, pulse,RR
```
Valium
| Diazepam
93
```
transdermal medication
ttmt for Alzheimers and Parkinson disease
not a cure
monitor hepatic function
improvement within a week to a month
dose should not exceed 4.6mg/24hr
```
Exelon
| Rivastigmine
94
```
management of alcoholism
drowsiness
unpleasant reactions
etoh free for 14 days
inhalation side effects
advise pt to check other medication for etoh
```
Antabuse
| Disulfiram
95
```
alcohol treatment
does not eliminate withdrawl symptoms
IM
asses mental health
admin monthly or q 4wks
asses hepatic function
pre-filled syringe
blocks effect of opioid
```
Vivitrol
| Naltrexone
96
```
anticonvulsant
benzodiazepine
asses mental health
notify any yellowing of the skin
carry id med card
can decrease panic attacks
panic attacks should be reported
```
Klonopin
| Clonazepam
97
```
bipolar 1 disorder
schizophrenia
asses BMI prior and during therapy
asses mental status
mood stabilizer
can cause extrapryamidal reactions
has been approved for younger pt by fda
```
Resperidone
| Risperdal
98
```
mood stabilizer
pt to take 2-3000 of fluid
unusual movement are signs of toxicity
asses mental health
renal and thyroid labs need to be done
can cause teratogenic effect to embyro.
```
Lithium
| Carbolith
99
```
ttmt for Alzheimers disease
slow pregression
can cause dizziness
s/s of overdose - v/n, diahrea , change in color of stool
5mg whole tablet
after 3 months can increase to 23mg
not a cure
```
Aricept
| Donepezil
100
```
Benzodiazepine
short term use only
decreases anxiety
assist with sleep
can be given IM 2 hr prior to surgery
ETOH abuse potential
```
Lorazepam
| Ativan
101
```
Benzodiazepine
prevention of anxiety to sedation
Iv monitor- BP, HR, RR
fall risk after 24 hr of admin
can cause amnesia, drowsiness, dizziness
```
Midazolam
| Nayzilam, Versed
102
```
Antitussive
admin 20 mins before sleep for insomnia
caution in <4 y.o
avoid sugarless gum to prevent dry mouth
IM or PO
over 75mg can increase siezures
monitor airway
use for anaphylactic reaction
asses for specific use of med
```
Benadryl
| Diphenhydramine
103
" i can quit anytime i want to " ? is what
denial
104
a patient forgetting about an appointment they dont what to keep is en example of what defense mechanism?
Repression
105
" i failed the test because the teacher wasnt clear about what would be on it " is an example of what Defense Mech?
Rationalization
106
a physically unattractive person who wants to be a model instead becomes a fashion designer is an example of what?
Compensation
107
a physically unattractive person who wants to be a model speaks out for eliminating beauty pagents
"oh you mad mad "
Reaction Formation
| Over Compensation
108
a potty trained child who is hospitalized begins bed wetting is an example of what
Regression
109
an anxious person tells the nurse " why do i make you so nervous " is an example of what
Projection
110
parent who loses a job and then goes home and verbally abuses spouse is an example of what ?
Displacement
111
a person who gives a treat to a child who is being punished for a wrongdoing is an example of what?
Restitution
112
nausea developing the night before a major exam , causing the person to miss the exam is an example of what ?
Conversion Reaction
113
"i cant go to the class reunion tonight , im just so tired i have to sleep " is an example of what?
Avoidance
