Unit 1 Flashcards
Empirical
knowledge gathered through direct observation or experimentation
Non-empirical
knowledge gathered without direct observation or experimentation
Non-empiricism ways of knowing
authority and logic
authority
believe or know something because some respected person told us that something was true
logic
if the first two statements are true (premise statements) than the third (conclusion) must be true
drawing conclusion about the world around us
produce inaccuracies or errors
empirical ways of knowing
intuition and science
intuition
spontaneous or instinctual conclusion about something that is not based on fact or reasoned mental activity
common sense
common sense
informal methods or experience as a way of knowing
differs across time, place and culture
pragmatic or practical
science
knowledge through observation
organized and systematic
confident in the truth of our observations performed through the scientific method
scientific method steps (6)
- an idea
- searching previous research
- stating problem or hypothesis
- devising an experience that to solve problem or answer hypothesis
- collecting and analyzing data
- drawing conclusions based on data and submitting report for peer-review
characteristics of science and scientific method
empirical, objective, open-minded and progressive, skeptical
science is empirical
relies on observation, experience, and experimentation
science is objective
observe and believe after witnessing some phenomenon
made following a specific set of systematic and controlled or reproducible procedures (scientific method)
reliable
people observe the same result given similar procedures
consistent
represent truth
valid
measuring what is supposed to be measured