UNIT 1 Flashcards
- “Know thyself.”
- “Our soul strives for wisdom and perfection.”
- He was the one who begin searching and studying about how we understand the nature of a specific human person
- “An unexamined life is not worth living.”
- Dualistic Reality: Body (Physical world) and soul (Spiritual world)Socrates
Socrates
Asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking.
Socratic Method
_____ Philosophy (1000 BC to 500 AD)
Ancient Philosophy
- It is the “Physical World”
- Imperfect
- All aspects of our physical world are continually changing, transforming, and disappearing.
Body
- It is the “Spiritual World”
- Perfect
- Unchanging
- Eternal
- The world of ideas and forms
The perfect realm includes the intellectual essences of the universe, concepts such as truth, goodness, and beauty.
Soul
What is the aspect that will make the soul be perfect despite the imperfections of the physical world?
Our souls strive for wisdom and perfection, and the reason is the soul’s tool to achieve this exalted state.
Plato-He transcribed the works of Socrates.
-He elaborated the Socrates Dualistic Reality and came up with the Tripartite Theory of Soul
Plato
- Our divine essence enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.
- When conflict occurs, Plato believes it is the responsibility of our Reason to sort things out and exert control, reestablishing a harmonious relationship among the three elements of ourselves.
Tripartite Theory of the Soul/Self: REASON
-Our basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.
Tripartite Theory of the Soul/Self: PHYSICAL APPETITE
-Our basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, empathy.
Tripartite Theory of the Soul/Self: SPIRIT OR PASSION
- Student of Plato
- The mind (self) is a tabula rasa (a blank tablet).
- Self is composed of matter and form.
- The process of completion is through experiences.
Aristotle
-They maintain the quality of the body and soul and are more ethical to the ideas, focusing more on the normal norms and how people achieve happiness.
Post-Aristotelians
- Apathy or indifference to pleasure
- “Stoic” - soldiers, police officers, army
- Emotion is the greatest enemy of reason and a hindrance to virtue.
- Fights the emotion of pleasure, desire, fear.
- They try to be indifferent, living above their emotions.
Stoicism
-“Eat, drink, and be happy. For tomorrow, you will die”’
Y.O.L.O = You Only Live Once
Hedonism
-Moderate pleasure
-Everything that is excessive is bad.
Epicurus: He strongly believed that living a life full of simplicity was the way to achieve all the pleasures and comfort.
Epicureanism
_________ Philosophy (500 AD to 1350 AD)
Medieval Philosophy
- From the scientific investigation on nature and search for happiness to the question of life and salvation in another realm, in a better world (ex. The afterlife).
- There was an aim to merge philosophy and religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim).
- Teachings of saints and theologians merged with the philosophy.
- Imposing rather than informing.
Theo-centric
- Integrates platonic ideas with the tenets of Christianity
- The self strives to achieve union with God through faith and reason
St. Augustine
- Self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the world around us (objects in our environment).
- The labels we attribute to ourselves are taken from the things we encounter in our environment.
- “The things that we love tell us what we are.”
- Experiencing that something exists doesn’t tell us what it is.
- Knowing and learning about a thing requires a long process of understanding; same with the mind and the self with experience and reason.
St. Thomas Aquinas
________ Philosophy (14th Century to the Early 20th Century)
Modern Philosophy
Thinkers began to reject the scholastics’ (medieval thinkers) excessive reliance on authority.
Anthropocentric
The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body.
Rene Descartes
Personal identity is made possible by consciousness.
John Locke
There is no “self”, only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of one mind.
David Hume
