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UTS > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • “Know thyself.”
  • “Our soul strives for wisdom and perfection.”
  • He was the one who begin searching and studying about how we understand the nature of a specific human person
  • “An unexamined life is not worth living.”
  • Dualistic Reality: Body (Physical world) and soul (Spiritual world)Socrates
A

Socrates

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2
Q

Asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking.

A

Socratic Method

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3
Q

_____ Philosophy (1000 BC to 500 AD)

A

Ancient Philosophy

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4
Q
  • It is the “Physical World”
  • Imperfect
  • All aspects of our physical world are continually changing, transforming, and disappearing.
A

Body

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5
Q
  • It is the “Spiritual World”
  • Perfect
  • Unchanging
  • Eternal
  • The world of ideas and forms

The perfect realm includes the intellectual essences of the universe, concepts such as truth, goodness, and beauty.

A

Soul

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6
Q

What is the aspect that will make the soul be perfect despite the imperfections of the physical world?

A

Our souls strive for wisdom and perfection, and the reason is the soul’s tool to achieve this exalted state.

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7
Q

Plato-He transcribed the works of Socrates.

-He elaborated the Socrates Dualistic Reality and came up with the Tripartite Theory of Soul

A

Plato

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8
Q
  • Our divine essence enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.
  • When conflict occurs, Plato believes it is the responsibility of our Reason to sort things out and exert control, reestablishing a harmonious relationship among the three elements of ourselves.
A

Tripartite Theory of the Soul/Self: REASON

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9
Q

-Our basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

A

Tripartite Theory of the Soul/Self: PHYSICAL APPETITE

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10
Q

-Our basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, empathy.

A

Tripartite Theory of the Soul/Self: SPIRIT OR PASSION

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11
Q
  • Student of Plato
  • The mind (self) is a tabula rasa (a blank tablet).
  • Self is composed of matter and form.
  • The process of completion is through experiences.
A

Aristotle

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12
Q

-They maintain the quality of the body and soul and are more ethical to the ideas, focusing more on the normal norms and how people achieve happiness.

A

Post-Aristotelians

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13
Q
  • Apathy or indifference to pleasure
  • “Stoic” - soldiers, police officers, army
  • Emotion is the greatest enemy of reason and a hindrance to virtue.
  • Fights the emotion of pleasure, desire, fear.
  • They try to be indifferent, living above their emotions.
A

Stoicism

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14
Q

-“Eat, drink, and be happy. For tomorrow, you will die”’

Y.O.L.O = You Only Live Once

A

Hedonism

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15
Q

-Moderate pleasure
-Everything that is excessive is bad.
Epicurus: He strongly believed that living a life full of simplicity was the way to achieve all the pleasures and comfort.

A

Epicureanism

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16
Q

_________ Philosophy (500 AD to 1350 AD)

A

Medieval Philosophy

17
Q
  • From the scientific investigation on nature and search for happiness to the question of life and salvation in another realm, in a better world (ex. The afterlife).
  • There was an aim to merge philosophy and religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim).
  • Teachings of saints and theologians merged with the philosophy.
  • Imposing rather than informing.
A

Theo-centric

18
Q
  • Integrates platonic ideas with the tenets of Christianity

- The self strives to achieve union with God through faith and reason

A

St. Augustine

19
Q
  • Self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the world around us (objects in our environment).
  • The labels we attribute to ourselves are taken from the things we encounter in our environment.
  • “The things that we love tell us what we are.”
  • Experiencing that something exists doesn’t tell us what it is.
  • Knowing and learning about a thing requires a long process of understanding; same with the mind and the self with experience and reason.
A

St. Thomas Aquinas

20
Q

________ Philosophy (14th Century to the Early 20th Century)

A

Modern Philosophy

21
Q

Thinkers began to reject the scholastics’ (medieval thinkers) excessive reliance on authority.

A

Anthropocentric

22
Q

The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body.

A

Rene Descartes

23
Q

Personal identity is made possible by consciousness.

A

John Locke

24
Q

There is no “self”, only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of one mind.

A

David Hume

25
Q

Personal identity is made possible by self-consciousness.

A

John Locke

26
Q

The unifying subject, an organizing consciousness that makes intelligible experience possible.

A

Immanuel Kant

27
Q

The self is the way people behave.

A

Gilbert Ryle

28
Q

The self is the brain.

A

Paul and Patricia Churchland

UTS (2 decks)

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