Unit 1

Question 1

What is SDT?

Answer 1

Self-Determination Theory

-factors that influence human motivation

Question 2

What 3 psychological needs/feelings are enhance w/ media (for adolescence)?

Answer 2

1) autonomy
2) competence
3) relatedness

Question 3

What is the video deficit?

Answer 3

• babies can’t make the connection w/ screen and real life - are less likely to learn from a screen than a live interaction
• 2.5-3 years old

Question 4

Why do babies have the video deficit? (a term)

Answer 4

Symbolic representation

Question 5

What is symbolic representation

Answer 5

• can’t tell that something is representing something else -has to develop -don’t know it’s a representation of reality
• scale models -screen study

Question 6

Correlational designs

Answer 6

• examine relationship btw 2 variables

- both measured as they exist -doesn’t equal causation

Question 7

Experimental designs

Answer 7

-participants randomly assigned -independent variable is manipulated & dependent variable is measured -everything the same except for the IV

Question 8

What are some problems with experimental designs?

Answer 8

• lack of generalizability
• ways of measuring dependent variable
• can be time consuming
• ethics
• extraneous variables

Question 9

Longitudinal designs

Answer 9

• same participants over time
• often w/ correlational
• help further potential causal effect
• direction -which effects which
• can use w/ experimental

Question 10

Natural experiment

Answer 10

• common in economics
• naturally-occurring circumstances “randomly” creates differences btw individuals
• ex. Notel

Question 11

What were the results of Notel getting a cable channel?

Answer 11

Children were more aggressive, there were more gender stereotypes -reading scores went down & creative thinking

Question 12

In India -village cable experiment results?

Answer 12

-change in gender attitudes and fertility -more female autonomy -less children were born

Question 13

Content analysis

Answer 13

-analyze the content of media -what is being shown/represented -define and identify

Question 14

Limitations of content analysis?

Answer 14

• doesn’t tell us the effects of content
• difficult to define
• time consuming

Question 15

Limitations of correlational designs?

Answer 15

• can’t give info on cause & effect
• only 2 variables
• difficulties in operational definitions
• challenges in accuracy of measurements

Question 16

Limitations of experimental designs?

Answer 16

• expensive
• ethics
• generalizability
• extraneous variables
• how you measure -variability -accuracy

Question 17

Limitations of longitudinal designs?

Answer 17

• high drop out rates
• very expensive & time consuming
• hard to tell what your effects are due to
• cohort effects (due to context)

Question 18

Limitations of natural experiments?

Answer 18

• difficult to replicate

- extraneous variables

Question 19

How do you get around the limitations of studies?

Answer 19

combine

• meta-analysis
• other studies

Question 20

What do youth consume media?

Answer 20

• Uses and Gratifications perspective

- Self-Determination Theory

Question 21

What is the uses and gratifications approach?

Answer 21

• enjoyment -arousal, companionship, escape, habit, learning, passing time, and relaxation
• sensation seeking

Question 22

What is Self-Determination Theory?

Answer 22

-factors that influence human motivation
1) autonomy
2) competence
3) relatedness
reasons
-identity formation, social status, mood management, catharsis
*doesn’t focus on content

Question 23

What is cohort effects?

Answer 23

results are due to time period/context of the group being studied

Question 24

What are GTEs? & what is a limitation?

Answer 24

global time estimates

-prone to social desirability

Question 25

What are TUDs? & what is a limitation?

Answer 25

time use diaries

-accuracy of self-reporting -don’t provide info on content

Question 26

what is a fault of media diaries?

Answer 26

-social desirability
-time constraints
-not about content
(but are better than GTEs)

Question 27

what is a fault of electronic monitoring?

Answer 27

-failure to log in and out

-privacy??

Question 28

Who listens to music the most?

Answer 28

adolescents

Question 29

who plays video games the most?

Answer 29

-middle childhood