Unit 1

Question 1

Define: Fetal Death Rate

Answer 1

The spontaneous intrauterine death of a fetus at any time during pregnancy per 1,000 live births.
Causes: Premature labour, maternal illness, maternal malnutrition and fetal factors such as chromosomal disorders and poor placental attachment.

Question 2

Define: Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 2

The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births.
This is an indicator of a country’s general health.

Question 3

Define: Morbidity

Answer 3

The rate of incidence of disease.

Question 4

Define: Neonatal Death Rate

Answer 4

The rate of deaths within the first 28 days of life.
Causes: #1 prematurity, and congenital issues.
The neonatal death rate reflects the quality of prenatal care, care in labour and care of the newborn.

Question 5

Define: Perinatal Death Rate

Answer 5

Stillborn and deaths of newborn within the first 28 days of life.
*Includes fetal and neonatal death rate

Question 6

Define: Mortality

Answer 6

The measure of a death rate.

Question 7

What is the primary goal of maternal child health nursing?

Answer 7

Optimal health and wellness of mother and baby throughout all stages of pregnancy.

Question 8

How can we support a family when their baby is healthy?

Answer 8

Provide teaching regarding infant care, encourage bonding, encourage partner inclusion.

Question 9

How can we support a family when their baby is ill in hospital?

Answer 9

Encourage family to visit.

Encourage family to participate in infant care and engage with child.

Question 10

How can we support a family when their baby dies?

Answer 10

Console and assist the family through the grieving process.

Question 11

Guiding Principles of Maternity Nursing?

Answer 11

1. Providing evidenced informed care.
2. Foster caring relationships with women and families.
3. Promote health and well-being.
4. Allow people to practice informed decision making.
5. Provide care with dignity and be accountable.
6. Advocate for justice and a quality practice environment.

Question 12

What are some of the current maternity trends in Canada?

Answer 12

• Childbearing delayed until 35 years or older.
• Steady decrease in teen pregnancies.
• Significant variations in birth rate across Canada (High in AB, younger population, increased wealth etc.)
• Increase in multiple births.
• Increase in breastfeeding initiation.
• Increase in C-sections.
• 98% of births take place in the hospital setting.

Question 13

How does collaborative care positively impact a maternity patient?

Answer 13

It can lead to increased satisfaction and decreased fragmentation of care. It allows for better outcomes.

Question 14

What is the role and scope of an LPN in maternity?

Answer 14

• Antepartum (Before childbirth)
• Labour and Delivery
• Postpartum
• NICU
• Urban Settings
• Community Settings
• Rural Settings

Question 15

What are 6 care practices to promote the normal labour process?

Answer 15

1. Labour starts spontaneously.
2. Freedom of movement.
3. Continuous labour support.
4. Spontaneous pushing.
5. No routine interventions.
6. No separation of mom and babe,

Question 16

What did childbirth look like in the 1700s?

Answer 16

Men would not attend as it was deemed obscene. Female midwives attended to a majority of births.
Mothers feared dying from childbirth.

Question 17

What did childbirth look like in the 1900s.

Answer 17

50%-75% of all births took place in hospital by 1940.
1966: The first amniocentesis was performed to assess fetal growth.
1970s-1980s saw a return back to nonmedicated, noninterfering childbirth.
The late 1900s saw the creation of freestanding birthing centers (LRDPs).

Question 18

What did childbirth look like in the 1800s?

Answer 18

Middle-class women started consulting doctors.
Puerperal (childbed) fever was an epidemic.
1894: First caesarean section.
1895: First x-ray was used to assess pelvic size for birthing purposes.

Question 19

What does childbirth look like in the 21st century?

Answer 19

One in three women undergoes a surgical birth.
Research shows that midwives are the safest birth attendants for women.
Canada ranks 161 in the world in maternal deaths and 180th (out of 224) for child deaths.

Question 20

What maternal populations are vulnerable in our community?

Answer 20

Indigenous women: Perinatal morbidity and mortality rates are higher.
Immigrant/Refugees: Some may have higher rates of chronic disease which can result in preterm labour, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction.
Homeless: At risk for pregnancy complications due to a lack of prenatal care, poor nutrition + food insecurity, stress + possible exposure to violence.
LGBTQIA2S+: Many couples become parents and can face discrimination from health care providers.

Question 21

Why is using evidenced-informed practice crucial in maternity nursing.

Answer 21

Evidence informed practice allows up to remain up to date on best practices for our patients and can improve outcomes.
Examples: Use of water in cord care (RAH) and delayed cord clamping.

Question 22

Define: Maternal Mortality Rate

Answer 22

The number of maternal deaths in pregnancy including births up to 42 days postnatal or termination of the pregnancy.

Question 23

What foundational health measures should be assessed in a maternity patient?

Answer 23

1. General Health Status
2. Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-being
3. Key Determinants of Health
4. Disparities