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health and social care year 1 > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 life stages

A
  • infancy 0-2
  • early childhood 3-8
    adolecence 9-18
    early adulthood 19-45
    middle adulthood 45-65
    later adulthood 65+
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2
Q

what is the principle of development

A

development describes changes that may be complex and involve ability level changing

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3
Q

what is gross motor skills

A

movements that require a large amount of muscle movement

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4
Q

what is fine motor skills

A

skills that require a small amount of muscles movement mainly in the hand

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5
Q

what is primary sexual characteristics and examples of male and female

A 
inward changes happening 
female  
- uturus enlarges 
- menstral cycle begins 
- ovaries realise eggs 
male 
-enlargment of penis and testies 
- testies produce sperm 
- spontanious erections
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6
Q

what are secondary sexual characteristics and examples of male and female

A

outward signs of development

  • -breast develops
  • hair growth
  • redistrabution of body fat
  • changes in larnaxx
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7
Q

four main aspects of interlectual development

A
  • language development
  • problem solving
  • moral development
  • abstract thoughts
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8
Q

what is jean piagets theory

A

focused how children aquire the ability to think

  • came to the conclusion adults think diffrently to adults
  • suggested 4 yr olds cant use abstact knowlege
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9
Q

what is abstract logic

A

ability to solve problems with imagination without being involved practically

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10
Q

piagets stages of development

A
  • sensory (0-2) = when we learn about the world by interacting with things by sucking and touching objects
  • preoperational stage (2-7)= when the child begins to engage in symbolic play by using there imagination

concrete operational stage(7-11)= begin to think rationally using logic tro problem solve and looking from another point of view

formal operational stage(11+)= thinking becomes more sophistacated think about abstract and therotical concepts

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11
Q

what is piagets schemas theory

A

equilibrum- children develop there ideas of the world
disequilibrium- if expierences dont match what they expect
accomadation-the way they modify information so they can maintain equilibrum

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12
Q

what is the critisism of piaget

A
  • underestamated the timing of a childs development
  • based on small amount of children
  • some kids think the same perspectives as 7 year olds
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13
Q

what was chomskys theory

A

idea we are preprogrammed with the ability to learn a language called the language aqusation device leads to universal grammer theory means rapid language development in young children

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14
Q

what was the critisism of chomsky

A
  • no scientific proof
  • doesnt take in account children with disabilitys
  • other theorists argue that interaction is critical to learn a language
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15
Q

what are the 3 stages of play during infancy& childhood and ages of each stage

A 
solo play (0-2)  - child play independatly 
parallell play(2-3)-sit or stand close with each other but not interact 
cooperative play(3-8) begin playing with other children
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16
Q

what is the social development across middle adulthood & later adulthood

A
  • middle adulthood- isolate themselves , may push people awey
  • later adulthood- retiremnet more time to play engage in new roles memory loss
17
Q

what is bolbys theory

A

belived children preprogrammed to make attachments and infancy a critical time for forming attachments

18
Q

what is rutters theorys

A

argued that maternal deprivation wont cause any long term problems suggested privation of food water is far more damaging

19
Q

what is ainsworths theory

A

attachment with primary care giver and the childs reaction whne left with a stranger relationship with primary care giver will determin there responce child will either become distressed or act like they are used to the enviorment

20
Q

what was schaffer and emersons theory

A
  • Children are likely to be more attached to the person that plays and engages with them rather than the one who feeds them
  • children with good attachment have higher selfesteem and have demanding behaviour tantrums etc
21
Q

emotional development through early childhood and early & middle adulthood and adolescence

A
  • early childhood-understanding self and others child may develop sense of
    confidence or a sense of failure.
  • adolescence-sense of self develops need a clesr identity to feel secure may have low self esteem depending on identity
  • early& middle adulthood-self esteem determined based on job and lifestyle affected by appearence
22
Q

what 4 factors affect self esteem during adolescence

A
  • poor school achivemnet
  • behaviour problems
  • teenage pregnancy
  • smoking/alchol abuse
23
Q

3 benefits of good self concept during infancy

A
  • healthly relationships
  • sense of belonging
  • secure
24
Q

what is gesells maturation theory

A
  • believed our genes determined our rate of growth

- some people may go through puberty earlier than others

25
Q

what was gesells standardised norms

A

6 month child should roll over

1 yr old should be able to walk with help

18 month should be able to scribble and
walk

26
Q

what is the critisism of gesells theory

A
  • too much focus on natural influence
    not helping explaining induvidual or cultral differences
  • too much informity as if all children go through same stages at the same age
27
Q

banduras theory- social learning theory

A

belived we copy behaviour we see by observing

the person being observed is the model and the imatator is called modelling

28
Q

what are the factors to banduras social learning theory

A

availability-need to be able to observe
retension- the behaviour must be remembered
reduction- induvidual must be capable of preforming that behaviour
motivation- new behaviour is learned they need to be able to preform it

29
Q

what affects self esteem and self concept

A
  • family/culture
  • apperence & ability
  • positive comparison
  • positive feedback
30
Q

what is the stress diathisis model

A
  • s if you are predisposed to to a mental illness you may find things more stressful than others
  • if your parents have a mental illness you are more likley to have one aswell and just need a trigger
31
Q

what is self concept

A

an induviduals evaluation of there self worth

how they see themselves as a whole

32
Q

what is activity theory- robert hanginvurst

A
  • the older you get instead of removing themselves from things they tend to just adjust to ageing
  • diffrent role in society still have needs that need to be met
  • wellbeing increased important for decreasing risk of illnesses
33
Q

what are the physical changes of ageing

A
  • cardiovascular disease
  • dimentia
  • ostethoritus
  • de generation of nervous tissue
34
Q

what is early onset dimentia

A

occours under age of 65 ahltzimers disease causes type of dementia that occours in ages 30s 40s and 50s
symptoms would be
-memory loss
- difficulty consentrating

35
Q

social readjustment rating scale theory-holmes and rahne

A
  • created a questionair called ( soad readjustment rating scale) which identify major stressful life events with a diffrent score of stress levels higher the score more likley an induvidual will become unwell
36
Q

what is social disengaing theory- cumming and henery

A
  • older people will naturally withdrawl from society
  • older people expoierence a decline in socal contact also dont care what people think
  • biological decline
    critisism
    whne this theory was created there was a lack of communication meathods
37
Q

what is the critisism of the social readjustment rating scale

A
  • important to consider people deal with stress in diffrent ways assumed some stress would affect people in the same way
  • ## something stressful to 1 person may not be stressful to another
38
Q

what are the stress levels

A
  • stress automatic responce when dealing with challenging situations
  • raises heart rate and blood pressure can give a booste of energy
39
Q

what are the health risks of stress

A
  • leads to body systems being affected
  • imune system sestable to colds
  • cardio vascular system- high blood pressure can lead to heart attacks
  • respatory system breathless and asthma
  • digestive system loss of apetite

health and social care year 1 (2 decks)

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