Unit 1 Flashcards by Talia Cox

Rocks are made of many

Layers

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The oldest rock layer is usually at the

Bottom

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The newest rock layer is usually at the

Top

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Rock layers are known as

Rock Strata

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Sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks become _____ when they are exposed to heat and pressure

Metamorphic rocks

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_____ Is when a scientist studies a rock composition to determine its age

Absolute dating,

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In absolute dating, scientists study a rocks ___ to find its age

composition

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Relative dating uses principles of ___

Superposition

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When magma seeps through layers of existing rocks, it calls to form ____ igneous rock

intrusive

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Sill is rock that is oriented

Horizontally

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Dike is rock that is oriented

Vertically

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Rock made of lava is called

Igneous Rock

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Rock formed at or near Earth’s surface by the accumulation and lithification of sediment (detrital rock) or by the precipitation from solution at normal surface temperatures (chemical rock).

Sedimentary rock

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A ____ ____ is a crack that occurs when earth tectonic plates shift

Fault line

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Why is it difficult for scientists to find fossils from the Precambrian period?

The life that existed had soft bodies, which rarely left behind fossils

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The continents were once a giant landmass known as ____

Pangea

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One process responsible for the moving of continents is ___ __ motion.

Slab pull motion

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Slab pull motion is due to _____

Subduction

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Subduction is when

One tectonic plate moves under another.

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Charles Darwin embarked on the British naval vessel HMS Beagle to s

Travel around the globe

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Based on his viewings at Galapagos islands, Darwin assumed that all similar organisms evolved from ____

One single ancestor.

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Darwin formed the theory of ____ ____

Natural selection

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Evolution is a scientific theory based on concrete ideas. The theory explains how

A species changes over time and the formation of different species and their growth.

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Evolutoin is ____

Random

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Evolution happens because of _____

Genetic Variations

Every organism has a different set of ___ these can change from parent to offspring because of random ___.

Genomes, mutations,

Genetic mutations are the reason for ___ traits in a species

New

Evolution is a

branching process

Comparative anatomy is the comparing of ____ _____

Physical structures

_____ ____ is the study of how organisms develop. An Organisms that look similar as ___ Look different in the adult stage

Developmental Biology, Embryo

_____ ___ is the study of genomes of different species

Molecular biology

After fertilization, an egg is called a

Zygote

The Zygote undergoes rapid

Cell Division

Cell division causes the zygote to look like a ball of cells which is called a

Morula

The morula becomes a _____ after more cell division

Blastocyst

The blastocyst becomes certain

Tissues

Tissues in a growing baby become

Organs

Go threw the growth of an egg

Zygote, cell division, morula, blastocyst, tissues, organs

All vertebrates have similarities when they are

Embryos

Name the three germ layers of a vertebrate embryo

Outer layer: Ectoderm, Middle layer: Mesoderm, inner layer: Endoderm.

Specific ___ from each embryo layer

Organs

Some animals have similar features because they share a common ____

Ancestor

_______ ____ have a similar structure, have different functions, have a shared evolutionary origin

Homologous structures

____ ____ have a different structure, similar functions, and different evolutionary origins.

Analogous structures

____ ____ are the body parts that are no longer serve the same function in modern organisms.

Vestigial Structures

What type of fossil is a dead organism buried in the earth's crust. It was covered in mud sediments, the minerals from the mud seep through the organism's pores and harder the tissue.

Mineralization

Carbonization is when

A dead animal is compressed hard enough to leave a black carbon imprint

Fossils formed from an organism's motion is called a

trace fossil

One of the rarest kinds of fossil

Origin tissue fossil

The most common type of fossil, it is an imprint that a living organism leaves on the soft soil. Sediment fills the mold and hardens to create fossiled copies of the organism.

Mold and casts

The best places to look for fossils is ____ ___

Rock Strata

___ ___ a systematic collection or record of all the fossils ever found on earth

The Fossil Record

___ ___ uses a fossil's position in rock to find its age

Relative age dating

___ ___ ___ uses the natural process of radioactive decay to find the age of a fossil.

Absolute age dating

Mass extinction are called

extinction events

Adaptions always start at the ___ ___

Genetic level

___ ___ traits increase an organism likely hood to reach sexual age, but it does not guarantee the organism will reproduce

Beneficial traits.

A change to physical characteristics is

Structural adaption

A process within an organism's body that help it survive is called its

Functional adaptations

A change to a species' behavior.

Behavioral adaptions

Adaptions are helpful when they help

maintain homeostasis, protect from predators, provide access to energy, and help movement.

A process where organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to reach reproductive age and pass their traits to offspring.

Natural selection

A special type of natural selection in which an organism competes for a mate. It will choose the biggest and most colorful mate.

Sexual Selection

Various factors affect the amount of ___ Variation an organism has.

Genetic

_____ Is a permanent random change in an organism's DNA

Mutation

____ involves the fusion of gametes from the father and the mother. The offspring inherits genes from both parents which leads to _____ _____

Sexual reproduction, genetic variation

____ _____ an organism creates clones of itself with the ___ Genetic makeup as the parent

Asexual reproduction, same

___ is the intentional breeding of organisms to get certain traits

Artificial selection

Organisms that reproduce sexually have __ alleles of each gene

___ ___ an individual with one dominant allele and one recessive allele will express only the ___ phenotype

Simple dominance, dominant

In __________ both alleles express characteristics equally

Codomonicance

One allele in a pair is expressed more than the other.

Incomplete dominance

___ ___ is when more than ___ alleles are responsible for the trait

Multiple Alleles, 2

A and B blood types are ___ ake they express characteristics from both alleles

codominant.

A and B alleles are

dominant

The O allele is

recessive

___ ___ is when several genes control the phenotype of the treat.

Polygenic inheritance

Features that are only visible in one sex are

Sex-limited traits

___ ___ genes located on the sex chromosomes

Sex-linked traits

Females have _ _ chromosomes

Males have __ chromosomes

___ ____ allows for a species to survive in a changing environment

Genetic diversity

High genetic diversity gives a species a____ survival rate

Higher