Unit 1

Question 1

Food Choices

Answer 1

• taste
• habit
• tradition
• social interactions
• availability

Question 2

Nutrients

Answer 2

• carbohydrates (macronutrient, organic)
• fats (macronutrient, organic)
• proteins (macronutrient, organic)
• vitamins (micronutrient, organic)
• minerals (micronutrient, inorganic)
• water (inorganic)

Question 3

Energy Yielding nutrients

Answer 3

Carbohydrates: 4kcal/g
Fat: 9kcal/g
Protein: 4kcal/g
- alcohol: 7kcal/g but not considered a nutrient bc it doesn’t help with growth or maintenance

Question 4

Math for energy %

Answer 4

Food that contains 55g carbs, 15g protein 2g of fat
55x4= 220 + 15x4 + 2x9= 298
220/298 = 74% energy from carbs

Question 5

Energy Density

Answer 5

high energy dense foods deliver more calories/g than low energy dense foods
- less energy dense foods are better for you

Question 6

Essential Nutrients

Answer 6

~40 nutrients essential

• need to be taken from foods
  ex. amino acids
• omega 3’s & omega 6’s

Question 7

Energy in Body

Answer 7

• body uses energy-yielding nutrients as…
• fuel
• support for all body activities
• storage for later use
  raw materials for building the body’s tissues and regulating activities.

Question 8

Vitamins

Answer 8

essential and organic
13 vitamins
- water-soluble -> B complex and vit C
- fat soluble -> A,D,E & K

Question 9

Minerals

Answer 9

• inorganic
• 16 are essential
• do not yield energy
• indestructible

Question 10

Water

Answer 10

• medium for all life’s processes
  roles include:
• participating in metabolic reactions
• moving nutrients

Question 11

Dietary Reference Intakes

Answer 11

• developed by the institute of medicine of national academics
• guide for good nutrition and provide scientific data for food intake

Question 12

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

Answer 12

45-65% kcals from carbs
20-35% kcals from fat
10-35% kcals from protein

Question 13

RDA and AMDR math

Answer 13

RDA: 130g/d x 4kcal = 520 kcals
45-65% energy intake from CHO 
- 130 recommended to 
- if 520 kcal then 45% EIN -> 1155 kcal/d
- if 520 kcal is 65% EIN -> 800kcal/d
unrealistic

Question 14

EER Math

Answer 14

2844kcal/d 
- CHO 45-65% kcal/d
-45% = 1280/4 kcal = 4=320g/d
- 65% =1849/4kcal = 462g/d
there is a large difference between AMDR and RDA

Question 15

Observation and question

Answer 15

identify a problem to be solved or ask a specific question to be answered

Question 16

Hypothesis and prediction

Answer 16

formulate a hypothesis - a tentative solution to the problem or answer to the question - and make a prediction that can be tested

Question 17

expirement

Answer 17

design a study and conduct the research to collect relevant data

Question 18

results and interpretations

Answer 18

if supported
- theory: develop a theory that integrates conclusions with those from other studies
- or find new observations and questions and restart the process
If not supported: find new observations and questions and restart process

Question 19

considerations when conducting research

Answer 19

controls (randomization)
sample size
placebos

Question 20

analyzing research findings

Answer 20

correlations and causes

• positive and negative associations
• correlation is not a causation

Question 21

Nutrient Recommendations

Answer 21

estimates apply to healthy people

• recommendations are for the majority
• adjustments may be required
• achieve goal via food
• each has a unique purpose

Question 22

Nutrient assessment of individuals: Historical Info

Answer 22

health status, socioeconomical status, drug use, diet, family history, illness

Question 23

Nutrient assessment of individuals: Anthropometric measurements

Answer 23

height, weight, waist cirumference

compare results to standard to determine disease risk

Question 24

Nutrient assessment of individuals: Physical examinations of the body

Answer 24

provides clues to nutritional status

Question 25

Nutrient assessment of individuals: laboratory tests

Answer 25

reveal values of certain nutrients in the blood | - most useful in uncovering early stages of deficiency before symptoms appear

Question 26

Stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency

Answer 26

- internal changes precede outward signs of deficiencies | - outward signs of sickness do not need to paper before a person takes corrective measures

Question 27

nutrition of the net: who?

Answer 27

responsibility for site/what are their credentials

Question 28

nutrition of the net: when?

Answer 28

date of last update

Question 29

what nutrition research should i trust

Answer 29

meta-anlysis -> highest level - foods/products with multiple studies showing efficacy - consider the quality of the journal and the study mythology

Question 30

Misinformation

Answer 30

identify nutrition experts - physicians and other health care professionals - limited nutritional education - registered dietitcians- have to take exam

Question 31

nutrition assessment of populations

Answer 31

canada has no formal surveillance program - nutrition canada survey 1970-1972 - canadian community health survey, 2004 - canadian health measurements survey, 2007

Question 32

Diet and Health

Answer 32

1. cancer 2. heart disease 3. stroke 4. respiratory disease 5. accidents 6. diabetes 7. alzheimers disease 8. influenza/pneumonia 9. suicide 10. kidney disease

Question 33

Risk factors for chronic disease

Answer 33

- tobacco use - harmful use of alcohol - high blood pressure - physical inactivity - raised blood cholesterol - overweight/obesity - unhealthy diet - raised blood glucose

Question 34

Red flags of nutritional quackery: natural

Answer 34

is not necessarily better or safer; any product that is strong enough to be effective is strong enough to cause side effects

Question 35

Red flags of nutritional quackery: quick and easy fixes

Answer 35

even proven treatments take time to be effective

Question 36

Red flags of nutritional quackery: satisfaction guarenteed

Answer 36

marketers may make generous promises, but consumers won't be able to collect on them

Question 37

Red flags of nutritional quackery: one product does it all

Answer 37

no one product can possibly treat such a diverse array of conditions

Question 38

Red flags of nutritional quackery: time tested or new food treatment

Answer 38

such findings would be widely publicized and accepted by health professionals

Question 39

Red flags of nutritional quackery: paranoid accusations

Answer 39

and this product's company doesn't want money. At least the drugs compare has scientific research proving the safety and effectiveness of its products

Question 40

Red flags of nutritional quackery: personal testimonies

Answer 40

hearsay is the weakest form of evidence

Question 41

Red flags of nutritional quackery: meaningless medical jargon

Answer 41

phony terms hide the lack of scientific proof