Unit 1

Question 1

mind brain problem

Answer 1

how the mind relates to brain activity

Question 2

neurons

Answer 2

convey messages to one another and to muscles, glands, vary enormously in size, shape, and functions

Question 3

glia

Answer 3

smaller than neurons have many functions but do not convey info over great distances

Question 4

physiological explanation

Answer 4

behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs

Question 5

ontogenetic explanation

Answer 5

how a structure or behavior develops including the influence of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions

Question 6

evolutionary explanation

Answer 6

reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior

Question 7

functional explanation

Answer 7

describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did

Question 8

recieve info and send it off to other cells

Answer 8

neurons

Question 9

dendrites

Answer 9

branching fibers that get narrower near the ned lined with the synaptic receptors at which the dendrite receives info from other neurons

Question 10

dendrite spines

Answer 10

short outgrowths that increase the surface area

Question 11

axons

Answer 11

the fiber of constant diameter conveys an impulse toward other neurons, an organ or a muscle

Question 12

motor neurons

Answer 12

efferent

Question 13

efferent

Answer 13

with its soma in the spinal cord, receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along is axon to a muscle

Question 14

sensory neurons

Answer 14

afferent

Question 15

afferent

Answer 15

specialized at one end to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation (light, sound, or touch)

Question 16

myelin sheath

Answer 16

vertebrate axons are covered with this

Question 17

at the end of each branch of an axon there is a selling

Answer 17

presynaptic terminal

Question 18

if a cell’s dendrites and axon are entirely contained with a single structure the cell is _____

Answer 18

an interneuron of that structure

Question 19

shape of neuron determines

Answer 19

its connections with other cells and thereby determines its functions

Question 20

glia outnumber neurons in the _____ but neurons outnumber glia in several other areas especially the _______

Answer 20

cerebral cortex/cerebellum

Question 21

astrocytes

Answer 21

wrap around the synapse of functionally related axons-shields it from chemicals circulating in the surround

Question 22

astrocytes are responsible for

Answer 22

taking up the ions and transmitters released by axons and then releasing them back, they synchronize closely related neurons, enabling their axons to send messages in waves

Question 23

astrocytes also

Answer 23

dilate blood vessels to bring more nutrients into brain areas that have to heighten activiy

Question 24

microglia

Answer 24

act as part of the immune system proliferate after brain damage, removing dead or damaged neurons

Question 25

oligodendrocytes

Answer 25

in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the periphery of the body build the myelin sheaths that surround and insulate certain vertebrate axons

Question 26

radial glia

Answer 26

guide the migration of neurons and their axons and dendrites during embryonic development

Question 27

blood brain barrier

Answer 27

mechanism that excludes most chemicals from the vertebrate brain