Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Reference maps
A
Best for locations, transport
2
Q
Thematic maps
A
best for themes
3
Q
Absolute distance
A
Measure of physical space
4
Q
Relative distance
A
Connectivity through social, economic, cultural means
5
Q
Absolute direction
A
Fixed point of reference
6
Q
Relative direction
A
In relation to other places
7
Q
Clustering
A
Objects/things close together
8
Q
Dispersal
A
How things are dispersed, how things are spread out
9
Q
Elevation
A
Altitude above sea level
10
Q
Mercator projection
A
Distorts shape, size
11
Q
Gall Peters
A
Distorts shape
12
Q
Azimuthal
A
Distorts shapes a lot
13
Q
GIS
A
Map with layers of themes
14
Q
GPS
A
Using satellites to determine a precise location
15
Q
Space
A
Abstract area on Earth
16
Q
Place
A
Space with meaning
17
Q
Flows
A
Movement of people
18
Q
Distance decay
A
Moving away = less interaction
19
Q
Time-space compression
A
Tech makes physical distance seem a lot less than what it actually is
20
Q
Patterns
A
Regular arrangement of something
21
Q
Land use
A
Ability to modify your environment, often thanks to wealth
22
Q
Regional scale of analysis
A
Continental
23
Q
National scale of analysis
A
Countries
24
Q
Local scale of analysis
A
Anything below national
25
Formal region
Everyone shares 1+ common trait
26
Uniform region
Everyone shares 1+ common trait
27
Functional region
Organized around a focal point
28
Nodal region
Organized around a focal point
29
Perceptual region
Place that is significant to a cultural identity
30
Vernacular region
Place that is significant to a cultural identity
31
Region
Area on Earth defined by 1+ distinctive characteristics.
32
Scale
Relationship between portion of Earth being studied and the Earth itself
33
Connection
Relationships among people and objects across space
34
Map
2-dimensional model of Eath's surface
35
Cartography
Map-making
36
Mental Map
personal representation of a portion of Earth
37
Ground-truthing
Field researchers driving around in their cars
38
Geotagging
Identification of a place or piece of info based on its longitude/latitude
39
GPS
Uses satellites to determine exact position of thing/person on earth
40
GIS
map with a lot of layers
41
Remote sensing
Capturing data abt Earth through satellites or other "long distance" things
42
Volunteered geographic info
Info submitted voluntarily
43
Citizen science
Research by amateur scientists
44
Participatory GIS
community-based mapping
45
Mashup
A map that overlays info from one source over a map made by a mapping service
46
Map scale
Relationship between size on a map and physical size on Earth, comes in 3 ways
47
1) Ratio
Shows numeric ratio between distance on map and Earth's surface
48
2) Written
Relationship between map and Earth's surface via words
49
3) Graphic
Bar line to show distance on Earth (aka use a ruler to measure and find out the distance through a key)
50
Projection
Transferring Earth's surface to a flat map
51
Equal-area projections
Relative size of landmasses are good, but the hemispheres are separated into two pieces and the meridians don't converge or form a right angle with the parallel
52
Meridian
Arcs between the North/South poles known as longitude
53
Parallel
Circular lines around globe, parallel to the meridians, known as latitude
54
Prime Meridian
Passes through Greenwich England, 0 Longitude
55
Longitude
Manmade concept that is the basis for calculating time (every 15th degree is a timezone)
56
International Date Line
Follows 180* Longitude, when you cross it you move back 24hrs if you're going east and forward 24hrs if you're going west
57
Location
Postion that something occupies on Earth's surface
58
Toponym
Name given to a place on Earth
59
Site
Physical character of a place (climate, weather, etc)
60
Situation
Location of a place relative to the other places
61
Cultural Landscape
Combo of cultural features, economic features, physical features
62
Culture
Body of customary beliefs, material traits, social forms, that make up a tradition for a group
63
Language
System of signs, sounds, gestures, etc that have meanings understood within a cultural group
64
Religion
Principal system of attitudes, beliefs, and practices
65
Ethnicity
Encompasses language, religion, etc
66
Spatial association
How variables are connected
67
Globalization
A process that involves the entire world and makes something worldwide -- as if the scale of the old is shrinking
68
Transnational corporations
Company that operates fully in many countries
69
Distribution
The arrangement of a feature in space
70
Density
The frequency that something occurs in space
71
Concentration
The extent a feature is spread over space
72
Poststructuralist Geography
how powerful groups seek to control less powerful groups
73
Humanistic geography
Different ways that humans form ideas about a place, gives places symbolic meaning
74
Behavioral geography
Importance of understanding psycological biases for human actions
75
Uneven development
Gap in economic conditions between regions
76
Assimilation
Process of when a groups cultural features change to look like another group
77
Acculturation
Changes in cultural groups that happen bc they meet another group
78
Syncretism
Combo of 2 groups that turns into a new group entirely
79
Diffusion
Feature spreading from one place to another over time
80
Hearth
Origin of an invention
81
Relocation diffusion
Spread of an idea by the physical movement of people
82
Hierarchical diffusion
Spread of an idea from ppl in power to the lower class (pyramid scheme!)
83
Expansion diffusion
Spread of a feature from one place to another
84
Contagious diffusion
Rapid diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
85
Stimulus diffusion
Spread of an underlying concept taken from something when the actual origin failed to diffuse
86
Network
A chain of communcation
87
Ecology
study of ecosystems
88
Erosion
when soil washes away in the rain
89
Depletion of nutrients
Nutrients being depleted when plants take more than they should
90
Cultural ecology
Study of human-environment relationships
91
Possibilism
The environment lays out many possibilities for what society could be
92
Environmental determinism
The environment determines an exact outcome of a society
93
Polder
Piece of land created by draining water
94
Political ecology
Study of environmental consequences based on politics
95
Cultural barrier
Make it difficult for ideas to spread
96
Cultural hearth
Where traits in a culture develop
97
Culture complex
Combos of a cultural trait
98
Rescale
to.. rescale..
99
Generalized map
helps demonstrate general trends
100
Activity space
Space with lots of activity
101
Sequence occupance
Imprints of people who have impacted the world
102
Landscape
Material characteristics of a place
103
Perception of place
Places in stories, memories, etc
104
Sense of place
How humans remember characteristics of a place
