unit 1

Question 1

what is science?

Answer 1

a certain way of knowing about the world

Question 2

how do you make a hypothesis in the correct format?

Answer 2

use if/ then
ex. if a teacher drinks coffee in the morning, then the students will perform better on their assignments

Question 3

what is the independent variable’s relationship with the dependent variable?

Answer 3

the independent variable is the thing you change in the experiment, and the dependent variable is the changing result based on what changes with the independent variable.

Question 4

what is the difference between an observation and an inference?

Answer 4

an observation is something you notice and is true, an inference is a guess based on an observation.

Question 5

what is the difference between accuracy and precision? why do you need to have both?

Answer 5

accuracy is hitting the correct mark, presicion is getting the same value repeatedly. you need to have data for both because you want to have the correct value repeatedly.

Question 6

what are the general steps for designing and conducting an experiment?

Answer 6

1. research
2. hypothesis
3. procedure
4. analysis
5. conclusion

Question 7

can you make an example of scientific investigative design, with appropriate constants and variables?

Answer 7

Jenny wants to know is certain brands of rings will turn her finger green faster than others. She buys 3 different rings and wears them all at the same time. She records how long it takes for her finger to turn green. She makes sure to wear them all on the same hand so there’s no difference in wear.

Question 8

what are the general steps in the technological design process? what criteria should be considered when you design a solution?

Answer 8

1) identify the problem
2) design a solution
3) implement, build and test and make improvements
4) evaluation: decide of the problem was solved and you met every constraint.

Question 9

what is a fact?

Answer 9

an observation that is objective and verifiable

Question 10

what is a principle?

Answer 10

a statement based on repeated experimental observations; describes an aspect of the world

Question 11

what are Laws?

Answer 11

broad concepts or principles
ex. 2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 12

what is a theory?

Answer 12

an explanation of an observed phonomenon, NOT a fact
explains why

Question 13

what does qualitative mean?

Answer 13

decribes observations QUALITIES

Question 14

what does quantitative mean?

Answer 14

describes observations usuing numbers to measure

Question 15

what are independent variables?

Answer 15

what the experimenter will change or manipulate in the experiment, the only thing different between experimental groups.

Question 16

what are dependent variables?

Answer 16

what changes in RESPONSE to the independent variable, what it measures

Question 17

what are constants?

Answer 17

the aspects of the experiment that are consistent and don’t change

Question 18

what is an experimental group?

Answer 18

Group(s) being tested

Question 19

what is a control group?

Answer 19

groups used to compare to your experimental group, “normal” group

Question 20

what is technology?

Answer 20

anything that advances society and meets human needs and goals through products and processes

Question 21

what is engineering?

Answer 21

appliance of scientific and mathematic principles to solve problems

Question 22

what are the six elements necessary for life?

Answer 22

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Question 23

What are the levels of organization that make up an organism?

Answer 23

atom> molecule> organelles> cell> tissue> organ> organ system> organism

Question 24

what is the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules?

Answer 24

polar molecules have an unequal distribution of charges, with one side more positive or one side more negative; dissolves easily in water

Nonpolar molecules have an equal distribution of charges and does not dissolve in water

Question 25

what are some unique properties of water?

Answer 25

becomes less dense when frozen, unlike other liquids liquid water is attracted to itself because of its polarity and cohesion really high boiling point compared to similar liquids "universal solvent"

Question 26

what is matter?

Answer 26

anything that has mass and occupies space; composed by atoms

Question 27

what are atoms?

Answer 27

smallest part of an element that still has the same properties of the element

Question 28

what is a cell?

Answer 28

the most basic unit of life

Question 29

what is surface tension?

Answer 29

the tension of the surface of a liquid caused by attraction of molecules in the liquid

Question 30

what is a solution?

Answer 30

a uniform mixture of 2 or more substances (think country time lemonade)

Question 31

what is a solute?

Answer 31

what gets dissolved in a solution

Question 32

what is a solvent?

Answer 32

the thing that does the dissolving in a solution

Question 33

what does hydrophilic mean?

Answer 33

has affinity for water and usually dissolves in water

Question 34

what does hydrophobic mean?

Answer 34

doesn't have an affinity for water and does not dissolve easily in water ex. oil

Question 35

what are the monomers and polymers fo carbohydrates?

Answer 35

monomer: monosaccharides (single sugar molecules, like glucose) polymer: polysaccharide (larger sugar molecules, like starch)

Question 36

what are the monomers and polymers of proteins?

Answer 36

Monomer: amino acids polymer: polypeptide

Question 37

what are the monomers and polymers of nucliec acids?

Answer 37

monomer: nucleoties (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine) polymer: DNA or RNA

Question 38

what are the major functions of the carbohydrate macromolecules?

Answer 38

short term energy storage, with minor uses like structure transport and signaling

Question 39

what are the major functions of the lipid macromolecule?

Answer 39

energy storage, minor uses like insulation, protection, and structure

Question 40

what are the major functions of the protein macromolecule?

Answer 40

no main function cuz protein does SO MUCH! they basically run your body. (enzymes hormones, make up bones structurally, transport substances, movement and sourced in food)

Question 41

what are the major functions of the nucleic acid macromolecule?

Answer 41

they are informational molecules that store, transmit, and express out genetic info; they contain the instructions for making proteins

Question 42

what are examples of each macromolecule?

Answer 42

carbohydrates: glucose lipids: oil protein: tryptophan nucleic acids: DNA or RNA

Question 43

what is the relative comparison between energy storage of macromolecules?

Answer 43

carbohydrates: 4 calories/gram (short term energy!) lipids: 9 calories/gram (long term energy storage) protein: 4 cal/gram nucleic acids: stores no energy! never broken down as an energy source.

Question 44

what is the order that the body consumes macromolecules for energy? why?

Answer 44

first carbohydrates because they are an easy and short term energy source, Lipids are next burned off as they are the long-term energy source. Proteins are the last resort for energy because they already do so much for your body.

Question 45

why are proteins the most diverse macromolecule?

Answer 45

Proteins are made by your body and found in the food we eat. Their structire and functions are so diverse, and include - enzymes that regulate cell processes - antibodies that help your immune system - they run movement - they're receptors in cell signaling and an energy source in the food we eat!

Question 46

what macromolecule is not obtained from food? how do you get it?

Answer 46

nucleic acids you get them from your parents because they're found in DNA and RNA

Question 47

what are macromolecules?

Answer 47

large organic molecules that make up all living things carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids structurally most are polymers made of monomers

Question 48

what is a monomer?

Answer 48

small basic sub-unit

Question 49

what is a polymer?

Answer 49

the larger, more complex structice made of monomers

Question 50

what is a monosaccharide?

Answer 50

a single sugar monomer molecule

Question 51

what is a polysacceride?

Answer 51

a larger sugar polymer molecule

Question 52

why is the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane so unique? what is that macromolecule?

Answer 52

They are phospholipids, they have a hydrophilic head (= phosphate group) and a hydrophobic tail (=fatty acids) It makes the membrane selectively permeable