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Information Technology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Email protocols

A
  • SMTP ~ used to transfer emails
  • POP3 ~ used to retrieve emails and download them
  • IMAP ~ used to retrieve emails and download them to sync them with the mail server
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2
Q

Voice and video call protocols

A
  • H.323 ~ communicating over packet switched networks
  • SIP ~ create, control and end VOIP connections
  • RTP ~ transfer audio and video over IP-based networks
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3
Q

Webpages protocols

A
  • HTTP ~ transfer files over the internet
  • HTTPS ~ uses public key cryptography to encrypt communications
  • FTP ~ upload files and download large files
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4
Q

Security protocols

A
  • SSL and TLS ~ transactions over networks are kept safe
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5
Q

User authentication

A

Usernames and passwords authenticate users who have permission and prevent unauthorised access by hackers

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6
Q

Firewalls

A

Monitor traffic to prevent unauthorised access and dangerous data packets being passed into the system.

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7
Q

Encryption

A

Ensures intercepted data cannot be read.

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8
Q

Bandwidth

A

The rate is data transfer over a network

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9
Q

Multifunctional devices

A

Devices that can perform multiple functions such as inputting and outputting data. An example is a touch screen that outputs an image while allowing the user to input data.

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10
Q

Barcode scanner

A

Inputs a barcode and converts the information into data.

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11
Q

Epos system

A

Records sales and updates stock levels

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12
Q

Use of digital devices

A
  • Education
  • personal
  • social
  • creative
  • organisational
  • retail
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13
Q

Input devices

A
  • Keyboard
  • mouse
  • scanner
  • microphone
  • webcam
  • sensor
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14
Q

Output devices

A
  • Monitor
  • projector
  • printer
  • speakers
  • headphones
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15
Q

Accessibility devices

A
  • Trackball
  • touch screen
  • large keyboard
  • eye motion sensor
  • head motion trackers
  • braille embosser
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16
Q

Automatic processes

A
  • biometric readers
  • barcode readers
  • radio frequency indemnification
  • smart meters
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17
Q

Manual processes

A
  • Keying details into database
  • marking exam papers
  • entering survey responses from a form
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18
Q

Hard disk drives pros and cons

A

pro
- Large storage on a per byte basis
- reliable
con
- slower than SSD’s
- not as portable

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19
Q

Solid state drivers pros and cons

A

Pro
- fast data read/write speeds
- lower power consumption
- reliable as it has no moving parts
con
- higher cost than HDD’s
- low storage
- finit number of writes

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20
Q

SD card pros and cons

A

pro
- small and portable
- easy to transfer
con
- small storage
- potential compatibility problems

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21
Q

USB memory stick pros and cons

A

pro
- portable
- compatible
con
- low storage capacity
- finite number of writes
can be lost as it is small

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22
Q

Optical disk (CD) pros and cons

A

Pro
- small and portable
- compatible
con
- archival stability is questionable
- fragile and easy to damage

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23
Q

Magnetic tape pros and cons

A

Pro
- large storage capacity
- cheap
con
- data is accessed serially which is very slow
- requires specialist equipment for reading and recording data.

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24
Q

Real time operations systems

A

inputs are processed and responded to instantaneously

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25
Single user single task operating system
One user can use the system at a time and one application can run at a time
26
Single user multitasking operating system
One user can use the system at a time but many applications can run simultaneously
27
Multiuser operating system
Many users can use the system at the same time and can run many applications simultaneously
28
Factors affecting performance
- Hardware - malware - virtual memory
29
TCP/IP stack
Set of protocols used for transmitting data over the internet
30
command line interface pros and cons
Pro - experienced user find it quicker to complete tasks - requires far less memory and processing power con - requires knowledge of commands - Intimidating for inexperienced users
31
Graphical user interface pros and cons
pro - simple - easy to use for beginners - don’t have to learn commands - option to adapt interface to suit users needs con - requires a lot of processing power and memory - experienced users find it frustrating
32
Menu based interface pros and cons
pro - limited number of options to chose from making it easy to use - performs tasks without instructions - adapt interface to suit users needs con - performing tasks can be slow and frustrating
33
File compression
Compresses files to reduce their size and decompress them for later access
34
Backup
Backup utilities allow you to automate the backup process
35
Disk defragmenter
Recognises the data for quicker access
36
Firewall
Prevents unauthorised access by monitoring and blocking suspicious traffic
37
Antivirus
Prevents computers from receiving viruses and detects and removes viruses that have already infected a system
38
Image file types
- PNG - GIF - PNG
39
Application software file types
- DOC - PDF - ACCDB
40
Video file types
- MP4 - MOV - AVI
41
Proprietary software pros and cons
Pro - support provided by software creators - more features than open source con - software company’s can be slow to provide updates and bug fixes - software is generic - cost
42
Open source software pros and cons
Pro - free to use - support and fixes provided by community - compatible with other proprietary utility software con - support may not be available when needed, it relies on goodwill - indirect costs
43
Cat5 pros and cons
Used for telephone communications pro - versatile - cheap con - short distance use - susceptible to interference
44
Coaxial pros and cons
Used for television cabling pro - less susceptible to interference - longer distance use - cheap con - difficult to work with because of thick cable - limited bandwidth
45
Fibre optics pros and cons
Used for internet cables pro - improved security - long distance use - high data transfer rate con - expensive - specialist staff to install
46
VGA pros and cons
Used in projectors pro - universal - low cost con - cumbersome cabling - signal affected over distance
47
HDMI pros and cons
Used in digital connection to producer both sound and video pro - good resolution - computing and entertainment con - limited length - expensive
48
USB pros and cons
Used to input devices pro - high speed - backwards compatibility - connect multiple devices con - limited distance - limited power supply
49
Wi-Fi pros and cons
Used to connect devices wirelessly pro - high data transfer - good range - cheap con - complex - security
50
4G pros and cons
Used to connect to data networks pro - mobility - fast con - cost - uses public networks
51
Satellite broadband pros and cons
provides connectivity to remote areas pro - wide coverage - high speed con - high latency - weather conditions
52
Microwave/ laser pros and cons
Allows LAN connections between locations pro - high speed - No ongoing cost con - weather conditions - initial cost
53
Bluetooth pros and cons
Used to pair devices over short distance pro - easy to use - low power consumption con - low data transfer speeds - short range
54
Wi-Fi Direct pros and cons
used to connect devices to remote displays pro - transmit both audio and video - built into devices con - limited range - affect data connectivity
55
WAN - wide area network
A computer network that covers a large geographical area such as a county or the whole world
56
LAN - local area network
A computer network that covers a single building or site
57
PAN - private area network
Used to connected network devices wirelessly within a short range of an individual
58
VPN - virtual private network
Creates a secure network connection over a public network by using encryption
59
Latency
The time delay for a data packet to transfer to its destination
60
Compression
Reduces file size so files can be transferred faster
61
Lossy
Data removed during compression is permanently deleted
62
Lossless
All original data can be recovered when uncompressed
63
Codec pros and cons
A program used to compress and decompress videos and audio files Pro - reduces space taken up on disk - fast transfer Con - loss of quality
64
Personal use of cloud storage
storing files such as photos so they are synced and accessible on all users devices
65
Professional use of cloud storage
- storing offsite backups of data - accessing documents while working offsite
66
Personal use of cloud computing
access software and email on a variety of devices
67
Professional use of cloud computing
Access offline applications and email without having to install the software
68
Pros and cons of cloud storage
Pro - data can be accessed on a variety of devices - software with high requirements can be accessed through cloud computing Con - heavy use of bandwidth - hackers can access and misuse personal photos or videos
69
Pros and cons of cloud computing
Pro - offsite backups are more secure - subscribe or unsubscribe according to changing needs - IT staff are not needed Con - no control over security of backups - privacy concerns - software is inaccessible if there is a network outage
70
Online communities
- social media - blog - wiki - chat room - podcast - forums
71
Implications of online communities for individuals
- privacy - cost - meeting needs - security - user experience
72
Implications of online communities for organisations
- customer needs - cost - security - current systems - productivity - implementation - working practices
73
Threats to data
- malware - hackers - phishing - accidental damage
74
Impact of threats on individuals
- identity fraud - bank fraud
75
Impact of threat on organisations
- loss of reputation - loss of income
76
How to protect data
- file permissions and access levels - backup and recovery procedures - passwords - protocols - digital certificates - physical access control
77
Data protection act 2018
- protection of personal data - protects privacy of data held by others - rights to users on what data is collected and how their data is used
78
Computer misuse act 1990
- protects against attacks on IT systems - covers threats like hacking and spreading malware.
79
Retail pros and cons
Pro - wide range - saves transport time and cost - targeted audience marketing Con - products may not be regulated - nuisance emails and texts
80
Financial services pros and cons
Pro - manage finances from home - saves transport time and money Con - services may not be genuine - potential for unauthorised access
81
Education pros and cons
Pro - learn on own time - wide range of courses Con - make sure course is accredited - lack of structure
82
News pros and cons
Pro - up to date information - plan travel to avoid weather - can be personalised Con - reliability - too much information accessed too quickly
83
Entertainment pros and cons
Pro - wide range - play with people all around the world Con - safety
84
Productivity pros and cons
Pro - accessibility - collaboration Con - loss of human touch
85
Booking systems pros and cons
Pro - no need to travel - fewer admin staff - avoid teleport queue Con - disadvantage for those without internet access
86
Collaborative working online pros
- different locations can work together - no need to travel - work on the same document - shared workspaces
87
Uses of transactional data
- specific marketing - analyse trends to make sure there is enough stock - plan the workforce
88
Stock control pros and cons
Pro - automatic stock reordering - accurate stock levels recorded Con - expensive - staff training
89
Data logging pros and cons
Pro - accurate recordings - no human error - automatic processing Con - persistent data connectivity
90
Office tasks pros and cons
Pro - improved efficiency Con - training of staff - IT support teams to correct issues
91
Creative tasks pros and cons
Pro - easier to edit - many ways of sharing Con - files require large storage capacity - piracy
92
Online adverts pros and cons
Pro - targeted marketing - cost effective Con - too many choices of sites
93
Manufacturing pros and cons
Pro - improved efficiency - hazardous tasks can be performed by machinery Con - loss of jobs - can’t deal with exceptions easily
94
Security pros and cons
Pro - swipe cards and biometrics - CCTV monitoring requires less staff Con - expensive - privacy
95
Primary data
Data is gathered directly from the source, for example using a survey or from sensor readings
96
Secondary data
Data that already exists, for example from previous research, books. It could also be data on shopping trends.
97
Complete data
All the data must be there, for example, sales data that misses a months results could lead to incorrect decisions.
98
Accurate data
The data must be correct and truthful. This is easier to achieve from primary sources.
99
Questionnaire pros and cons
Pro - gather information from a large audience in a short time - everyone gets asked the same questions giving consistency to data Con - may be misinterpreted by users resulting in less reliable data - response rate is usually low
100
Interview pros and cons
Pro - follow up questions can be asked giving more understanding of questions - honesty from respondents Con - a lot of time to gather data - data is less quantitative and harder to analyse
101
Focus group pros and cons
Pro - quick to gather information - respondents will react to each others answers providing detailed data Con - assembling a group of people at the same time can be difficult - qualitative data can be hard to analyse
102
Type check
Data must be the correct type such as the date in a date of birth field
103
Range check
Numerical data must be between set values. Such as ages must be between 18 and 65
104
Length check
Data must be less than or greater than a certain number of digits. Such as the first name must be less than 15 characters.
105
Format check
Data must be in the correct predefined format. Such as postcodes must be LLN NLL
106
Double entry check
Data must be entered twice, and both entries must match. Such as entering a password twice on a registration form.
107
Proofreading check
Data must be read through to ensure there are no data entry errors. Such as a check box asking you to confirm data entered is correct.
108
Error reduction
- automating certain aspects - labelling input areas - warnings when incorrect data is entered - colour to indicate data entry
109
Moral and ethical issues 1
- environment - unequal access - online behaviour - globalisation - freedom of speech - acceptable use
110
Moral and ethical issues 2
- health and safety - copyright - computer misuse - protection of data - privacy - accessibility
111
Copyright act 1988
- protects the right of creators of original pieces of work. This prevents others distributing this work without the copyright holder’s permission. - 10 years imprisonment
112
Health and safety regulations 1992
- organisations must make sure that display equipment meets health and safety standards. - 2 years imprisonment
113
The copyright regulations 1992
- company board directors liable to prosecution for allowing illegally copied software to be used in their organisation.
114
Police and justice act 2006
- denial of service attacks. - 10 years imprisonment
115
Consumer rights act 2015
- regarding goods and services including digital content. - have the right to repair, replacement or refund for faulty digital content.
116
Disability discrimination acts 1995 and 2005 Equality act 2010
- website owners and hosts have obligations to make their sites accessible to all. - service providers must provide special computer software or additional staff support to make their systems accessible, at no extra charge.
117
British standards institute codes of practice
- web products are accessible to users with physical impediments or learning difficulties.
118
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Information Technology (1 decks)

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