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Lifespan Development > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Lifespan development

A

development (stability and change) across entire lifespan

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2
Q

Multi-dimensional perspective

A

different domains influence each other
- biological/physical
- cognitive
- socioemotional

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3
Q

Freud (personality theory)

A

focused on childhood experiences
- major conflicts that needed to be resolved
- passive, continuous
- emphasis on young childhood
- environment heavily influences

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4
Q

Erikson (personality theory)

A

looked at full lifespan
- active
- discontinuous
- major crisis at each stage to be resolved
- more social/emotional/identity crisis

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5
Q

Watson (learning theory)

A

classical conditioning
- nurture, passive, continuous

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6
Q

Skinner (learning theory)

A

operant conditioning
- nurture, passive, continuous

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7
Q

Bandura (learning theory)

A

demonstrated children learn through observation
- bobo dolls, continuous, active

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8
Q

Nature

A

biology, heredity

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9
Q

Nurture

A

environment, experiences

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10
Q

Continuous

A

gradual change over time

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11
Q

Discontinuous

A

big steps, stages

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12
Q

Active

A

Individuals contribute to their own development

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13
Q

Passive

A

indiviuals don’t have influence on own development

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14
Q

Piaget (cognitive theory)

A

children construct understanding through environment
- discontinuous

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15
Q

Vygotsky (cognitive theory)

A

children’s understandings constructed with input/assistance from others
- continuous
- emphasis on language/culture
- much more focus on social world

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16
Q

Bronfenbrenner (ecological theory)

A

what all influences development, emphasizes environmental factors
- continuous, nature and nurture, large perspective
- microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem

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17
Q

Ethological theory

A

behavior is strongly influenced by biology, tied to evolution, characterized by critical periods

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18
Q

Physiological measures

A

assess bodily functions/brain activity

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19
Q

Self-report measures

A

interviews, surveys

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20
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

observed in natural setting

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21
Q

Structured observation

A

observed in structured, lab, setting

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22
Q

Cross-sectional design

A

groups of different ages collected at one time
- difference might be from age or cohort effects

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23
Q

Cohort effects

A

differences due to generational/historical differences

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24
Q

Longitudinal design

A

study the same group at different ages
- effects much more likely from age

25
Q

Germinal stage (conception to 2 weeks)

A
  • implantation
  • cell division/proliferation
  • creation of zygote
  • blastocyst
26
Q

Blastocyst

A

ball of cells that starts to differentiate
- trophoblast: outer layer that becomes nutrition/support
- inner cell mass: becomes embryo

27
Q

Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)

A
  • organogenesis
  • cell differentiation
  • amnion, umbilical cord, placenta, embryo, brain development
28
Q

Amnion

A

envelope of fluid where embryo floats
- shock proof, temperature/humidity controlled environment

29
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

connects baby to placenta

30
Q

Placenta

A

tissues where blood vessels from mom and baby intertwine but never touch
- exchange of nutrients/waste

31
Q

Embryo

A

endoderm: inner cell layer
ectoderm: outermost layer
mesoderm: middle layer

32
Q

Neural tube

A

long hollow tube on embryo’s back
- develops out of ectoderm, forms/seals from the middle out

33
Q

Anecphaly

A

neural tube head fails to close
- highest brain regions fail to develop

34
Q

Spina bifida

A

spinal cord incomplete
- varying degrees of paralysis

35
Q

Vitamin B Folic acid

A

can help prevent neural tube defects

36
Q

Fetal period (2 months to birth)

A
  • age of viability
  • continued growth
  • fetus can move, yawn, taste, swallow
37
Q

Teratogens

A

potentially harming environmental agents

38
Q

Severity of teratogens influenced by…

A
  • dose
  • genetic susceptibility
  • timing of exposure
39
Q

Marijuana (teratogen) can lead to

A

low birth weight, preterm, lower attention/memory/intelligence/gray matter

40
Q

Cocaine (teratogen) can lead to

A
  • reduced birth weight, length, and head circumference
  • impaired connectivity of thalamus/frontal cortex, cognitive issues, impaired motor development
41
Q

Nicotine (teratogen) can lead to

A
  • preterm births, low birth weights, respiratory issues, SIDS
  • negative behabioral/cognitive outcomes, ADHD, lower academic achievement
42
Q

Caffeine (teratogen) can lead to

A
  • higher chance of miscarriage
  • stillbirth
  • low birth weight
  • childhood obesity
43
Q

Alcohol (teratogen) can lead to

A
  • immediate effects
  • fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
44
Q

Prescription/Nonprescription Drugs (teratogens)

A

antibiotics, antidepressants, aspirin, accutane

45
Q

Stages of birth

A
  • dilation and effacement
  • delivery
  • afterbirth
46
Q

dilation and effacement stage

A

longest stage, contractions

47
Q

delivery stage

A

terminates after baby is delivered

48
Q

afterbirth

A

placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are expelled
shortest stage

49
Q

Postpartum changes

A
  • estrogen/progesterone drops
  • involutions (uterus shrinks)
  • postpartum depression
50
Q

Low birth weight

A

less than 5 lbs 8 oz

51
Q

Very low birth weight

A

less than 3 lbs 4 oz

52
Q

Extremely low birth weight

A

less than 2 lbs 3 oz

53
Q

Preterm

A

born 3+ weeks before full term

54
Q

Very preterm

A

born between 28-33 weeks

55
Q

Extremely preterm

A

born less than 28 weeks

56
Q

Consequences of preterm/LBW

A

birth defects, chromosomal abnormalities, heart defects, down syndrome, impaired cognitive development, learning disabilities, breathing issue, ADHD

57
Q

Kangaroo care

A

skin to skin contact care
- helps stabilize heartbeat, temperature, breathing, weight gain

58
Q

massage therapy

A

increased weight gain, better bone mineral density

Lifespan Development (3 decks)

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