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Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Mrs Gren?

A

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition

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2
Q

Movement

A

Action by an organism causing a change of position or place

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3
Q

Respiration

A

Chemical reaction in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for a metabolism

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4
Q

Sensitivity

A

ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropiate responses

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5
Q

Growth

A

Permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number, by cell division or cell size or both

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6
Q

Reproduction

A

The process that make more of the same type of organism

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7
Q

Excretion

A

removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism(chemial reactions in cells including respiration), toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements

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8
Q

Nutrition

A

taking in of materials for energy, growth and development, plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions, animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water

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9
Q

What are the diferences between an animal cell and plant cell?

A

An animal cell doesnt have a cell wall or chloroplasts and has lost of small vacuole while a plant cell has one large vacuole

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10
Q

Cell wall

A

Only in plants
Gives support and shape

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11
Q

Cell membrane

A

both
controls waht enters and leaves the cells

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12
Q

cytoplasm

A

both
Where chemical reactions take place

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13
Q

nucleus

A

both
contains genetic material

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14
Q

mitochondria

A

both
respiration

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15
Q

chloroplasts

A

only plant cells
photosynthesis

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16
Q

RER

A

both
proteins synthesis(because it has ribosomes)

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17
Q

SER

A

both
lipid synthesis

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18
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

both
protein modifications

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19
Q

Ribosomes

Study These Flashcards
A

both
protein synthesis

20
Q

Vacuole

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A

both, plant one large, animals lots small
storage

21
Q

All of the organelles in an animal cell

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A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, RER, SER, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuole

22
Q

All of the organelles in a plant cell

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A

Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, RER, SER, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuole

23
Q

What is an eukaryotic cell?

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A

A cell that has a nucleus(cells of all living organisms except bacteria)

24
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

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A

The cells of bacteria

25
What are the diferences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes dont have cell organelles and nucleus while eukaryotes dont have plasmids or flagella
26
What is diffusion?
Net passive movement of particels form a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration, as a result of their random movements
27
What are the factors that affect diffusion?
greater concentration gradient, faster diffusion greater distance, slower diffusion higher temperature, faster diffusion larger SA, faster diffusion
28
What is Osmosis?
net passive movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential toa region of lower water potential, through a partially permeable membrane
29
What are the factors that affect osmosis?
greater water potential, faster osmosis greater distance, slower osmosis higher temperature, faster osmosis larger SA, faster osmosis
30
What is active transport?
Movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiration
31
What are the factors that affect active transport?
more energy, faster active transport
32
What experiment should you use to investigate osmosis?
Cut three exact potato cylinders and in 3 diferent boiling tubes add in one water, another 1M sugar solution and another 0.5 M sugar solution. Then add one potato cylinder to each boiling tube and leave the potato cylinders for a day in the boiling tube. THen take them out and measure the mass and length of the potato cylinders, they should have decreased as the water in them went to the sugar solution due to there being more water in the potatoe that the sugar solutions
33
What are the levels of organisation?
cell organelle --> cell --> tissue --> organ --> organ system --> organism
34
What is a tissue?
group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function
35
What is an organ?
Structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform a shared function
36
What is on organ system?
Group of organs with realted functions, working together to perform body functions
37
why is cell differentiation important in the development of specialised cells?
Cell differentiation is important because it allows cells to specialize and perform specific functions in an organism
38
What are stem cells?
Cells that can divide several times but remain undifferentiated. Present in the early embry and in some adult tissues such as bone marrow
39
What are the characteristics of animals?(9)
multicellular heterotrophs(glycogen) sexual reproduction eukaryote have nucleus mitochondria no cell wall nervous sytem vertebrates and invbertebrates
40
What are the characteristics of Plants?(9)
multicellular Autrophs, photsynthesis(starch) sexual and asexual eukaryote have nucleus mitochondria, chloroplasts and vacuole have cell wall chlorophylts flowering plants and hebaceus league
41
What are the characteristics of Fungi?(9)
multicellular and unicellular sapotrophs(glycogen) sexual/asexual spores eukaryote have nucleus mitochondria cell wall present, chitin used mycelium, hyphae(trheads with many nuclei) yeast, mushrooms etc.
42
What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?(9)
microscopic unicellular heterotrophs most sexual/asexual prokaryote no nucleus no organelles have cell wall (peptidoglycogen) plasmids, flagella bacteria
43
What are the characteristics of protoctists?(9)
microscopic, unicellular anot, hetero, parasites, supertrophs... sexual, asexual eukaryote have nucleus mitochondria and/or chloroplasts sometimes cell wal present, made of sucrose no special feature protozons, algae, plasmodium(causes malaria, IMPORTANT)
44
what is a pathogen?
any organism that casues a disease
45
What is a virus?
not alive, very small, parasites, wide variety of shapes and sizes, no cellular structure, only DNA/RNA surrounded by a protein coat
46
What is a supertropic?
Type of nutrition where dead organic material is digested outside the body of the organism by extracellular enzymes

Biology (1 decks)

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