UNIT 1

Question 1

Came from the Latin word ETHOS which means “CHARACTER OR MORAL NATURE

Answer 1

ethics

Question 2

Ethics came from the Latin word _______ which means “CHARACTER OR MORAL NATURE

Answer 2

ethos

Question 3

ethos means

Answer 3

“CHARACTER OR MORAL NATURE

Question 4

is greatly affected by his or her personal principles
and experiences by the belief and value system of his or her surroundings.

Answer 4

character or moral nature of a person

Question 5

a system of principles that helps us tell right from wrong, good from bad.

Answer 5

ethics

Question 6

can give real and practical guidance to our lives

Answer 6

ethics

Question 7

is all about the choices we make.
We constantly face choices that affect the quality of our lives.

Answer 7

ethics

Question 8

Rules that affect the choice of a person but are not linked to moral or ethical
considerations, similar with ethics, people use value judgment in dealing with these aspects.

Answer 8

non-moral standards

Question 9

They can also affect the way a person develops her moral principles and guidelines but they do not necessarily have moral implications.

Answer 9

non-moral standards

Question 10

list non-moral standards

Answer 10

▪Aesthetics
▪Etiquette
▪Rules in Games
▪Recipe or Formula
▪Laws
▪Religion
▪Personal Experiences ▪Traditions or Norms and Principles

Question 11

Rules or set of guidelines that affect the choices of a person and his or her belief system and decision-making process in
problems and situations that beg the question of what is morally right and wrong.

Answer 11

moral standard

Question 12

General rules about our actions or behaviors

Answer 12

norms

Question 13

Belief and ideas that are express during beliefs stamen that are desirable or not.

Answer 13

values

Question 14

Characteristics of Moral Standards:

Answer 14

▪ Concern with the welfare of beings
▪ Reliance on reasoning and not on authority
▪ Overriding or hegemonic
▪ Impartial
▪ Fair and just
▪ Special emotions and vocabulary

Question 15

Not influence by right or wrong.
has no conscience and freedom

Answer 15

amoral

Question 16

In moral standards it deals with matters that can seriously injure or benefit the welfare of beings
such as in war, child abuse, rape, fraud, murder, and theft while in Non-moral standards it talks about what is wrong but their concerns do not necessarily affect one’s life or well-being.

Answer 16

concern with the welfare of beings

Question 17

Moral standards it is rely on reasoning and not on authoritative individuals to support and justify their cause while in Non-Moral
perspective it is in the context of law and
religion they do not need to be based on a valid and sound reasoning.

Answer 17

reliance on reasoning and not on authority

Question 18

Take precedence over other standards and
considerations like non moral standards and
self interest.

Answer 18

overriding and hegemonic

Question 19

Simply means that there is no exemption to
the moral standards, if A is morally right for a
certain person P, then it is morally right for
anybody relevantly similar to P.

Answer 19

IMPARTIAL, FAIR AND JUST

Question 20

Moral standards are associated with special
emotions such as guilt, remorse, and shame
and vocabulary such as right, good, wrong,
evil, moral, amoral and immoral.

Answer 20

SPECIAL EMOTIONS AND
VOCABULARY

Question 21

A problem offering two possibilities, neither
of which is unambiguously acceptable or
preferable.

Answer 21

dilemma

Question 22

A situation that begs an agent to choose
between two or more alternatives with equal
weight wherein both alternatives are either
good or both are evil, but the agent cannot
do both or all actions.

Answer 22

MORAL DILEMMA

Question 23

THREE LEVELS OF
MORAL DILEMMA

Answer 23

individual
organizational
structural

Question 24

Personal and individual interaction of people
with situations in their daily lives.

Answer 24

INDIVIDUAL DILEMMA

Question 25

Conflict arrives when a person is asked to choose between two important values for him or her for example, choosing between one’s duties to his or her family one’s love for another person.

Answer 25

INDIVIDUAL DILEMMA

Question 26

Encountered by institutions, business, or organizations in their decision making process.

Answer 26

organizational dilemma

Question 27

At this level the dilemmas that the organizations’ experiences usually affect more than one person and they can be part of the internal group or part of an external stakeholder.

Answer 27

ORGANIZATIONAL DILEMMA

Question 28

Affect a network of institutions and operative theoretical paradigms like universal care, juvenile laws, and immigration.

Answer 28

STRUCTURAL DILEMMA

Question 29

Unlike organizational dilemmas, this type of dilemma can affect a community and even a society at large.

Answer 29

STRUCTURAL DILEMMA

Question 30

It is the thing that individuals really accept to be correct or wrong and it thinks about various moral standards utilized in over a wide span of time.

Answer 30

DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS

Question 31

It is the thing that individuals should do, a prescriptive morals and it talks about how individuals can settle on what is ethically right.

Answer 31

NORMATIVE ETHICS

Question 32

Centers around one's character and kindness.

Answer 32

VIRTUE ETHICS

Question 33

It is obligation morals or all out objective and good absolutism.

Answer 33

deontology

Question 34

It is centers around the outcomes of an activity.

Answer 34

CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 35

It doubts the significance of goodness, morals and profound quality including how individuals can realize what is valid or bogus and ultimately.

Answer 35

meta ethics

Question 36

It is the utilization of moral hypotheses in various open and private issues like medication, business and so on.

Answer 36

APPLIED ETHICS

Question 37

FOUR PRINCIPLES IN TERMS OF NORMATIVE ETHICS by who

Answer 37

THOMAS BEAUCHAMP & JAMES CHILDRESS FOUR

Question 38

FOUR PRINCIPLES IN TERMS OF NORMATIVE ETHICS what

Answer 38

respect to autonomy beneficence non-maleficence justice

Question 39

It means the acknowledgement that every person has the right to make choices to hold views and to act based on one’s value and beliefs as long as the person is conscious and has proper understanding of the matter on hand.

Answer 39

RESPECT TO AUTONOMY

Question 40

It is the promotion of doing as much goodness as possible refers to the acts of kindness, compassion and generosity.

Answer 40

BENEFICENCE

Question 41

It is the avoidance of any unjustifiable and unnecessary harm.

Answer 41

NON MALEFICENCE

Question 42

The distribution of resources equally and fairly.

Answer 42

JUSTICE

Question 43

Shared and learned patterns of behaviors, interactions, symbolisms, and values of a group of people that manifest in your religion, food, clothing, language, marriage, social habits, music, arts and customs.

Answer 43

CULTURE

Question 44

It reflects the identity of a particular group of people. There are many ____ in the world and they can be different from each other

Answer 44

CULTURE

Question 45

T he disposition that sees a general public's way of life inside the setting of the general public's issues and openings. It expresses that there is nothing of the sort as general realities in light of the fact that various perspectives and esteeming.

Answer 45

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

Question 46

teaches everyone to be more open minded and respectful of other cultures. It calls out of discrimination against race, nationality, and culture and opens more opportunities for everyone.

Answer 46

Cultural Relativism

Question 47

Having the maintaining of “GOOD PUBLIC RELATIONS”. This is usually being practiced to avoid clash with other people or a certain group.

Answer 47

PAKIKISAMA

Question 48

Described as a feeling of lowliness, shame or embarrassment, and inhibition of shyness which is experienced as somewhat distressing.

Answer 48

Hiya

Question 49

Integrally, it is related to the concept of face and a concern with how one appears in the eyes of others.

Answer 49

hiya

Question 50

Derived from the concept of “FACE”. It is commonly translated as “SELF RESPECT” or “SELF ESTEEM”.

Answer 50

AMOR PROPIO

Question 51

It has been characterized as the high degree of sensitivity that makes a person intolerant to criticism and causes to have an easily wounded pride.

Answer 51

amor propio

Question 52

amor propio translation

Answer 52

“SELF RESPECT” or “SELF ESTEEM”.

Question 53

Fundamental aspect of upholding group harmony and relationships that demand the balancing of obligations and debts.

Answer 53

UTANG NA LOOB

Question 54

This involves the concept “RECIPROCITY” or returning the received favor.

Answer 54

UTANG NA LOOB

Question 55

The innate ability and trait of Filipinos to be courteous and entertaining to their guests.

Answer 55

FILIPINO HOSPITALITY

Question 56

Filipinos are not only respectful to elders, but also have unique ways of expressing this respect to elders. These include the use of “PO” and OPO ” when talking to elders and PAGMAMANO ” or putting of the elder’s hand to one’s forehead.

Answer 56

RESPECT TO ELDERS

Question 57

We mean those values generally shared by cultures. Is a strong proof that cultural relativism is wrong.

Answer 57

UNIVERSAL VALUES

Question 58

The term _______ is derived from the Greek word CHARAKTER which was initially used as a mark impressed upon a coin.

Answer 58

CHARACTER

Question 59

The term CHARACTER is derived from the Greek word

Answer 59

charakter

Question 60

a distinct mark by which one thing was distinguished from others, and then chiefly to mean the assemblage of qualities that distinguish one person to another.

Answer 60

character

Question 61

SIX STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT by who

Answer 61

LAWRENCE KOHLBERG

Question 62

SIX STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT 3 levels

Answer 62

pre-conventional conventional post-conventional

Question 63

In this level the primary focus of an individual is the self.

Answer 63

LEVEL I: PRE CONVENTIONAL MORALITY AGE 9

Question 64

AGE 9 YEARS OLD AND BELOW

Answer 64

LEVEL I: PRE CONVENTIONAL MORALITY AGE 9

Question 65

People don’t have a personal code of morality yet.

Answer 65

LEVEL I: PRE CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

Question 66

They follow the standards and rules that adults teach to them.

Answer 66

LEVEL I: PRE CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

Question 67

The moral codes are mostly dependent on the avoidance of punishment.

Answer 67

LEVEL I: PRE CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

Question 68

In this stage right and wrong is determined by punishment and authority, the physical and mental consequences of action indicate the goodness or badness of behavior, and Moral rightness is equivalent to obedience.

Answer 68

STAGE 1 OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT ORIENTATION

Question 69

Start to learn about individuality and satisfaction of one’s desire, moral rightness is equivalent to the idea of giving and take, the principle of equality and resolution of conflicts.

Answer 69

STAGE 2 INDIVIDUALISM AND EXCHANGE

Question 70

People start to internalize the moral standards of the groups they belong to and reasoning is usually based on the norms of their groups

Answer 70

LEVEL II: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

Question 71

UNDER ADOLESCENCE TO MIDDLE AGE

Answer 71

LEVEL II: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY

Question 72

The right and wrong is determined by the approval of others and conformity to norms, good behavior is determined by praise, peer pressure is also prominent at this stage and deviance and indifference are treated as sins and Moral rightness is equivalent to “conformity and acceptance”.

Answer 72

STAGE 3 GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Question 73

A person becomes more aware of laws and societal norms and wants to be a good citizen.

Answer 73

STAGE 4 MAINTAINING THE SOCIAL ORDER

Question 74

Not everyone reaches this level.

Answer 74

LEVEL III: POST CONVENTIONAL

Question 75

MORALITY UNDER ADULTS

Answer 75

LEVEL III: POST CONVENTIONAL

Question 76

Individual judgment is based on self chosen principles and moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice.

Answer 76

LEVEL III: POST CONVENTIONAL

Question 77

Understand that even if norms and laws exist they might not be always morally right, you learn how to use logic, abstract thinking, and moral principles to determine what is right and wrong.

Answer 77

STAGE 5 SOCIAL CONTRACT AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

Question 78

Develop your own ethical guidelines and the willingness to defend it even if it means going against the majority of the people, you believe that a person is not mean but an end and a very few numbers of people have reached this level.

Answer 78

STAGE 6 THE UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES

Question 79

SIX STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Answer 79

STAGE 1 OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT ORIENTATION STAGE 2 INDIVIDUALISM AND EXCHANGE STAGE 3 GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP STAGE 4 MAINTAINING THE SOCIAL ORDER STAGE 5 SOCIAL CONTRACT AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS STAGE 6 THE UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES