Unit 1

Question 1

Who was the father of Psychology and what year was he named father of psych

Answer 1

Wilhelm Wundt 1879

Question 2

what did wilhelm wundt believe

Answer 2

the mind is made up of elements.

Question 3

what is introspection (example from class)

Answer 3

Candy Demo; how did the thoughts and emotions play a role. We ate the candy then had to express what it made us think of/how it made us feel.

Question 4

What psychologist believed in functionalism?

Answer 4

William James

Question 5

What is Functionalism (give demo from class as well)

Answer 5

Uses darwins theory of evolution stating that people who have traits that keep them alive will pass them along. EX) was the cave-man demo where the cave man who was not afraid of heights died and the cave-man who was afraid of heights lived to pass on the trait.

Question 6

What does Gestalt mean

Answer 6

Its a study that means “whole”

Question 7

What is your conscious mind?

Answer 7

It is the stuff you can easily recall, at the top of your mind (top of iceberg)

Question 8

What is the unconscious mind?

Answer 8

Stuff buried deep in an individual’s mind. Is very hard to recall.

Question 9

Who believed in the unconscious mind and that childhood affected individuals.

Answer 9

Freud.

Question 10

What does behaviorism focus on

Answer 10

only focuses on observable behavior.

Question 11

what is the main idea of humanist ideas

Answer 11

The idea that everyone wins.

Question 12

What is an operational definition?

Answer 12

How you are going to measure the variable.

Question 13

Which school of psychology attempted to identify the elements of the mind?

Answer 13

structuralism

Question 14

The first psychological lab was established by:

Answer 14

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 15

which research method lost its popularity because its results varied among different people?

Answer 15

introspection

Question 16

Which perspective is more directly concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behavior and mental states?

Answer 16

neuroscience

Question 17

Which would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and define psychology as “the science of observable behavior”?

Answer 17

behaviorism

Question 18

The study of inner thoughts and feelings is to the study of observable behavior as ____ is to ____.

Answer 18

Wundt; Watson

Question 19

Which perspective highlights the manner in which people think, encode, process and retrieve information?

Answer 19

cognitive

Question 20

Who wrote the first Psychology textbook and was considered a functionalist?

Answer 20

William James

Question 21

Which perspective focuses on rewards and learned behavior?

Answer 21

behavioral

Question 22

Which seeks to solve the practical problems using science?

Answer 22

applied science

Question 23

A negative correlation between people’s physical health and their happiness would indicate:

Answer 23

higher levels of happiness are associated with lower levels of physical health.

Question 24

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the:

Answer 24

dependent variable

Question 25

Mr. Brown has gathered evidence that weight of grade school students correlated positively with their reading skill. Before he uses this evidence to conclude the body weight enhances reading ability, he should first be reminded that;

Answer 25

correlation does not prove causation

Question 26

Every twenty-fifth person who ordered a subscription to a magazine was contacted by market researchers to gather opinions on the magazine's content. The researcher were using a technique known as:

Answer 26

random sampling

Question 27

Which type of research strategy would allow you to determine whether students' college grades accurately predict later income?

Answer 27

correlation

Question 28

In order to determine the effects of a new drug on memory, one group of people is given a pill that contains the drug. A second group is given a sugar pill that does not contain the drug. The second group constitutes the:

Answer 28

control group

Question 29

An illusory correlation refers to:

Answer 29

the perception of a correlation between two unrelated variables.

Question 30

Which research technique is most directly useful for avoiding bias and the false consensus effect?

Answer 30

double-blind procedure

Question 31

A positive correlation has a line going_________ on a scatterplot.

Answer 31

right

Question 32

Standard deviation is a measure of what

Answer 32

variation

Question 33

Ahmed has five sisters who are 3, 3, 5, 9, and 10 years of age. The number "5" represents the ____ of the sisters' ages.

Answer 33

median

Question 34

Professor Woo noticed that the distribution of students' scores on her last biology test had an extremely small standard deviation. This indicates that the

Answer 34

students' scores tended to be very similar to one another.

Question 35

Two students in art class are at least 20 years older than the others. Which measure of variation of class members' ages is most affected by ages of these two students?

Answer 35

range

Question 36

Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme scores?

Answer 36

mean

Question 37

Ethical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators to

Answer 37

treat information about research participants confidentially.

Question 38

Which of the following is a measure of degree of variation among a set of events?

Answer 38

standard deviation

Question 39

Which of the following is a measure of variation affected the most by extreme scores?

Answer 39

range

Question 40

A lopsided set of scores that includes a number of extreme or unusual values is said to be

Answer 40

skewed

Question 41

In generalizing from a sample to a population, it is important that

Answer 41

the sample be representative

Question 42

an explanation using a set of principles that organizes and precises outcomes

Answer 42

theory

Question 43

placing participants to experimental and control conditions by chance

Answer 43

random assignment

Question 44

a statement used to measure the research variables

Answer 44

operational definition

Question 45

a measure of how much scores vary around the average score

Answer 45

standard deviation

Question 46

what are the pros and cons of a case study

Answer 46

pros; in depth data, cons; cannot be generalized

Question 47

what are the pros and cons of the survey method

Answer 47

pros; can collect data from lots of people quickly and efficiently cons; wording may be misinterpreted or misleading.

Question 48

what are the pros and cons of naturalistic observation

Answer 48

pros → allows for a direct observation in a natural setting Cons → bias can easily come into play.

Question 49

what is random sampling

Answer 49

randomly selecting participants. Everyone has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 50

is a smaller or larger sample better

Answer 50

a larger sample

Question 51

how can you tell the difference between a positive and negative correlation

Answer 51

in a positive correlation when the IV increases so does the DV As the IV increases the DV decreases.

Question 52

What is the OTHER way to describe your data from a correlational study?

Answer 52

Correlation coefficient is the other way to describe the data in a correlational study.

Question 53

what is a illusory correlation

Answer 53

when it is thought that there is a correlation between two variables, but there is no logical correlation.

Question 54

what is operational definition

Answer 54

a specific statement that specifies what variables are in order for an experiment to be replicated properly.

Question 55

if the subjects are not aware of who is in the control vs experimental group this is called what

Answer 55

a single blind procedure

Question 56

if both the subjects and the researchers are not aware who is the control vs experimenal group (except for one person) this is called a what

Answer 56

double blind procedure.

Question 57

mean is what

Answer 57

average

Question 58

mode is what

Answer 58

most common number in the data set

Question 59

median is what

Answer 59

center number in a data set

Question 60

range is what

Answer 60

the max value in a data set minus the minimum value in a data set.

Question 61

what is the difference between a normal bell curve vs a skewed one

Answer 61

normal should look like a bell and be pretty symmetrical. A skewed curve leans more to the right or left of a graph.

Question 62

standard deviation is what

Answer 62

standard deviation is how far the values deviate from one another

Question 63

do you want a small or large standard deviation

Answer 63

a small standard deviation

Question 64

If a study is deemed statistically significant, what does that mean?

Answer 64

It is very unlikely that the study was done by chance.

Question 65

informed consent means what

Answer 65

legal permission from the participants to participate in a study.

Question 66

No psychological or physical harm means what

Answer 66

the participants should not undergo anything that could cause them physical or psychological harm. However, a certain amount of mental discomfort is required in some studies.

Question 67

debriefing means what

Answer 67

the participants are fully informed about the experiment's nature and their questions are fully answered.

Question 68

animals in studies have what regulations

Answer 68

animals are allowed to be used in studies as long as its for scientific purposes and gain of knowledge. The number of animals involved should be minimized.