Unit 1 Flashcards
(66 cards)
“Know thyself”
“An unexamined life is not worth living.”
Dualistic Reality: Body and Soul
“Our soul strives for wisdom and perfection.”
Socrates
What are the 3-Part Soul/Self (Psyche) according to Plato?
Reason
Physical Appetite
Spirit/Passion
The mind (self) is a tabula rasa (a blank tablet)
Self is composed of matter and form
The Process of Completion is through experiences
Aristotle
Apathy or indifference to pleasure
Embracing Adversity
It’s a philosophy designed to make us more resilient, happier, more virtuous and more wise-and as a result, better people, better parents and better professionals
Stoicism
“Eat, drink, and be happy. For tomorrow, you will die.”
They believe that pleasure is the only good in life, and pain is the only evil, and our life’s goal should be to maximize pleasure and minimize pain
Hedonism
Moderate pleasure
Being content with the simple things in life ensures that you will never be disappointed
Epicureanism
From the scientific investigation on nature and search for happiness to the question of life and salvation in another realm, in a better world (i.e., the afterlife)
There was an aim to merge philosophy and religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim)
Theo-centric
Integrates Platonic ideas with the tenets of Christianity
The self strives to achieve union with God through faith and reason
St. Augustine
Self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the world around us (objects in our environment)
The labels we attribute to ourselves are taken from the things we encounter in our environment
“The things that we love tell us what we are”
Experiencing that something exists doesn’t tell us what it is
Knowing and learning about a thing requires a long process of understanding; same with the mind and the self - with experience and reason
St. Thomas Aquinas
Thinkers began to reject the scholastics’ (medieval thinkers) excessive reliance on authority
Period of radical, social, political and intellectual developments
Anthropocentric
The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body
Rene Descartes
Personal identity is made possible by self consciousness
John Locke
There is no “self,” only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds
David Hume
The self is a unifying subject, an organizing consciousness that makes intelligible experience possible
Immanuel Kant
The self is the way people behave
Gilbert Ryle
The self is the brain. Mental states will be superseded by the brain states
Paul & Patricia Churchland
Both Husserl and Merleau-Ponty agree that our living body is a natural synthesis of mind and biology
Embodied Subjectivity
Describe the phenomena of the lived experience (reducing biases) by describing what your immediate responses are - physically, emotionally, cognitively
Phenomenological Approach
We experience our self as a unity which the in mental and physical are seamlessly woven together
Edmund Husserl
The self is embodied subjectivity
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
A person’s self grows out of a person’s social interactions with others
The view of ourselves comes from the contemplation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive us
Actually, how we see ourselves does not come from who we really are, but rather from how we believe others see us
The Looking Glass Self (Charles Horton Cooley)
Technique used to enhance the individual’s perception on self and others
Johari Window (Joseph Luft & Harrington Ingham)
The self is created and developed through human interaction
“I and the Me” self
Symbolic Interactionism
2 Aspects of Self-Awareness:
The “me” is the socialized aspect of the person
The “I” is the active aspect of the person
