unit 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Physical at birth
At birth:
* hands are firmly closed
* often folds their thumb under their fingers
Physical 1 year
1 year:
* points using index finger
* passes and releases a toy
* clasps hands together
* holds crayon with palmar grasp and makes random marks
Physical 2 year
2 years:
* separates interlocking toys
* uses pincer grip to pick up small objects
* draws lines, dots and circles
Physical 3 year
3 years:
* begins to show preference for dominant hand
* can fasten large zip
* can draw person with a head
Physical 4 year
4 years:
* begins to fasten buttons
* uses spoon and fork well to eat
* can draw a figure that resembles a person showing head, legs, and body
Physical 5 year
5 years:
* can use a knife and fork competently
* can thread small beads
* can draw a person with a head, body, arms, legs, nose and mouth
Gross motor skills at birth
At birth:
* lies on their back with head to one side
* head lags when pulled to sitting position
Gross motor skills 1 years
1 year:
* stands and may cruise around furniture
* sits down from standing
* is more mobile
Gross motor skills 2 years
2 years:
* walks up and down stairs by holding adult’s hand
* runs with control
* throws and kicks a ball
Gross motor skills 3 years
3 years:
* can walk backwards and sideways
* rides and steers a tricycle
* jumps from a low step with both feet together
* throws a ball overhand and can catch a large ball with arms outstretched
Gross motor skills 4 years
4 years:
* stands and runs on tiptoe
* hops
* changes direction while running
* can catch, kick, throw and bounce a ball
Gross motor skills 5 years
5 years:
* skips and moves rhythmically to music
* hops on each foot
* rides bicycle with stabilisers
Cognitive at birth
At birth:
* turns head towards bright light
* likes looking at high contrast patterns
* is startled by sudden noises
* shows primitive reflexes (such as swallowing and sucking, rooting, grasping, stepping, asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), startle (Moro reflex))
Cognitive 1
1 year:
* understands simple instructions (for example, ‘clap hands’)
* imitates and responds to gestures
* anticipates future routines
Cognitive 2
2 years:
* understands that a mirror is a reflection
* begins to understand consequences of their own actions
* names pictures and objects in a book
Cognitive 3
3 years:
* recognises objects that are heavy and light
* shows awareness of past and present
* actively seeks answers to questions – using ‘why’
* sorts objects by size and shape
Cognitive 4
4 years:
* names some colours
* counts to 10
* recalls stories and rhymes
* fantasy and reality may become confused
Cognitive 5
5 years:
* gives meaning to marks they make and see
* can count up to 20
* understands basic rules
* interested in reading and writing
Communication and language at birth
At birth:
* recognises mother’s or main caregiver’s voice
* cannot hear very soft sounds
* cries to indicate need
Communication and language 1
1 year:
* babbles tunefully, leading to first single spoken words
* raises tone to gain attention
* follows simple instructions and understands simple frequent words
Communication and language 2
2 years:
* uses 50 words or more
* joins 2 words together
* refers to self by name
* understands a wide range of words
Communication and language 3
3 years:
* uses 200 words or more
* constantly asks questions: what, why, who
* joins in simple rhymes
Communication and language 4
4 years:
* can be understood easily by others
* enjoys telling and sharing stories
* knows several nursery rhymes and songs
Communication and language 5
5 years:
* begins to show signs of reading
* concentrates and maintains attention
* uses language and gestures to convey meaning
* speech is mostly grammatically correct
