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Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a processor

A

it manages the functions of computer system by processing data and instructions. the main processor is the CPU

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2
Q

what is a motherboard

A

main circuit board of computer on which other components are connected to

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3
Q

what is a Power supply unit (PSU)

A

converts electricity from AC (alternate current) from main power supply do DC (direct current) which the computer system can use

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4
Q

what is Random access memory

A

volatile storage that stores all programmes that are currently running

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5
Q

what is Read only memory

A

non volatile storage that cannot be changed, it stored BIOS for when the computer is turned on

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6
Q

what is cache memory

A

volatile storage that stores data that is frequently used

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7
Q

what is magnetic storage

A

a read/ write head moves nanometres above the disk platter and uses magnetic field of platter to to read or edit data

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8
Q

what is optical storage

A

uses a laser to project beams of light, allowing it to read data from a CD, DVD or Blu-Ray

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9
Q

what is solid state drive

A

has no moving parts, data is stored electronically instead of magnetically

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10
Q

what is cloud storage

A

data is stored on large servers owned by hosting companies, hosting company is responsible for keeping servers running and making your data accessible

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11
Q

what is a small computer system interface (SCSI) and serial attached SCSI (SAS)

A

a protocol for attaching external devices to a computer system

SAS is an improved version of SCSI that enables more external devices to be connected at same time to computer system

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12
Q

characteristics of copper cables

A

limited bandwidth, cheaper when use to connect devices

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13
Q

characteristics of fiber cables

A

increased bandwidth, long distance capabilities

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14
Q

what is microwave connection

A

use radio waves to send signals across a large area via microwave towers

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15
Q

what is laser connection

A

can send data between devices in line of sight of each other

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16
Q

what is a hub

A

receives data packets from a connected device and transfers a copy to all connected nodes

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17
Q

what is a switch

A

receives data packets , processes and transfers them onto the device listed in the destination address of the packet

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18
Q

what is a modem

A

used to send data across a telephone network

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19
Q

what is a router

A

used to transfer data packets between networks

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20
Q

what is a hybrid device

A

provides the functionality of multiple communication devices in a single device

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21
Q

what is a network interface card (network adapter)

A

internal piece of hardware whats required for computer to connect to a network

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22
Q

what are the 4 steps for hardware troubleshooting

A

1- identify the problem
2- create a theory about what caused the problem
3- create a troubleshooting plan and record steps taken
4- create a findings document

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23
Q

What is open source software

A

Users can run, view and modify the code

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24
Q

What is closed source software

A

Code is restricted for users to view or modify

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25
What is off the shelf software
Designed for a wide range of consumers with a standard design, can be used in different ways
26
What is bespoke software
Has been designed to meet the specific needs of a business
27
What is freeware
Freely available to download and use,
28
What is shareware software
Users can try the software for a limited time before buying
29
What is embedded software
Smaller computer systems is installed within a larger device
30
What is TCP- transmission control protocol
allows packets to be sent and received between computer systems
31
What is IP- internet protocol
in charge of routing and addressing data packets
32
What is UDP- user data protocol
faster alternative to TCP, used where low latency is important
33
what is HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol) and HTTPS
HTTP- used to transfer web pages over the internet so users can view in web browser. HTTPS is more secure and works with SSL (secure socket layer) to transfer encrypted data
34
what is FTP- file transfer protocol
used to transfer files across a network
35
what is ICMP- internet control message protocol
collects network status information and is used for troubleshooting
36
what is SNMP- simple network management protocol
records network statistics such as router usage
37
what is SMTP- simple mail transfer protocol
used to send emails to a mail server and between mail servers
38
what is POP- post office protocol
used for downloading and storing emails from a mail server
39
what is a file server
centrally stores and manages files so other systems on network can access them
40
what is a printer server
control any printers on a network and manage printing requests by sending document to appropriate printer
41
what is an application server
allow users to access shared applications on network, server will restrict certain applications to those with invalid access levels
42
what is a database server
manage database software that users on network can access and use to manipulate data
43
what is a web server
manages HTTP requests from connected devices to display web pages on web browsers
44
what is a mail server
send and receive emails using email protocol allowing email communication between other mail servers on other network
45
what is a hypervisor
allows host machine to operate virtual machines as guest systems. the virtual machines share the resources of the host, including memory, processing power and storage space
46
what is virtualisation
describes the creation of a virtual version of a device, software or server
47
what is storage virtualisation
combines multiple storage devices so they appear to be one device
48
what is server virtualisation
allows one physical to host multiple virtual machines, each running separately
49
what is a virtual client
a full desktop environment where the processing happens remotely
50
what is the private cloud
where a business will have its own data centre accessible to employees
51
what is the public cloud
uses third part service providers like google drive to provide storage over the internet
52
what is a client server network
when clients make requests to server, the server manages the requests and responds. used in any businesses where greater control is required for security of data and information
53
what is a peer to peer network
when data is shared directly between systems without requiring a central server. used in small offices and home networks
54
what is bus topology
every device is connected to a single cable (bus). works well for small networks
55
what is token ring topology
when device connections create a circular path/ring and packets of data travel from one device to the next until it reaches destination. rarely used but used to be used in schools, offices and small networks
56
what is star topology
each system is connected to a central network device. the system sends data to central hub/switch and it looks at destination address and sends it there. used in homes and offices
57
what is mesh topology
each system is connected to every other computer system. data packets are sent to destination address across the quickest path. internet is best example of mesh topology
58
what is LAN- local area network
the networking of group of computers within close proximity of each other
59
what is MAN- metropolitan area network
covers the range of a town or city
60
what is a WAN- wide area network
A network spanning a large geographical area, such as multiple cities or countries​​
61
what is MIS- management information system
used to collect, store, analyse and present data for an organisation
62
what is CRM- customer relationship management
used to improve relationship between customer and business, can be used to increase customer loyalty. ultimate goal is to retain customers
63
what is SOP- standard operating procedures
A comprehensive step-by-step guide of how to carry out a business routine. companies create an SOP to abide legislation
64
what is whistle blowing
when member of staff reveals organisation they work for is acting unlawfully, in some countries whistle blowers are protected from being fired by law
65
what is RFID- radio frequency identification and tokens
RFID uses electromagnetic fields to attach tags to physical objects RFID is used with physical tokens to permit access of unauthorised people to certain areas
66
what is a firewall
manages incoming and outgoing network traffic. each packet is processed to check whether it should be given access to network by examining source and destination address
67
what is fragmentation and defragmentation
as files are edited over time they become fragmented- when file is split into parts that are stored in different locations of hard drive defragmentation software rearranges file on hard disk drive so parts together again
68
what is file compression
compression is decreasing files size

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