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Ap Human Geography > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we create maps?

A
  • Visualization
  • Satellite Navigation Systems
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2
Q

Visualization

A

Visual representation of data

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3
Q

Satellite Navigation Systems

A

Satellites that take pictures of Earth to recreate it through remote sensing

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4
Q

GPS (Global Positioning System)

A

Shows us where specifically we are on Earth

think of putting an address into google maps to get there and it shows you where you are, on the way (your pinpoint)

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5
Q

Geotagging

A

storing information based on a location

think of taking a picture on your phone of an area in Conneticut and traveling back to New York. Your phone will say that, that photo was captured in Conneticut, provide longitude and latitude altitudes, etc

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6
Q

GIS (Geographic Information System)

A

captures pictures of parts or whole of Earth and places it on a map

-information is stored in layers and can be added on top of each other.

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7
Q

Pattern

A

Any kind of pattern that cartographers look for to map.

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8
Q

Online mapping

A

open platform forums where people can add information

when searching up a place and it provides with an area that allows you to add information (hours, pictures of the place, ratings, etc

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9
Q

Toponym

A

the name of something on Earth

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10
Q

Absolute location

A

where a place or area is specifically located

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11
Q

Relative location

A

information about where a location is

street corner, across the street from, near…

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12
Q

Site

A

physical characteristics of a location

hills, deserts, mountains, rivers, etc

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13
Q

Situation

A

location of something relative to other locations

-in other words, bringing up one location to talk about another

the supermarket across the street from Taft

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14
Q

Space

A

the distance between 2 places

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15
Q

Distance Decay

A

as you get farther apart, the less of a connection they have

-in other words, the strength of a relationship decreases as the separation increases (people, places, systems, etc)

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16
Q

Connection

A

the relationship between 2 places

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17
Q

Time-Space Compression

A

how long it takes to get somewhere

rush hour, planes, buses, walking, biking, etc can all be a factor of this

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18
Q

Flows

A

movement(s)

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19
Q

Choropleth

A

A map that uses shading in order to show data

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20
Q

Dot map

A

A map that uses dots to show data

-the more dots there are, the more frequent activity there is

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21
Q

Graduated symbol map

A

a map that uses symbols to represent data

  • a symbol gets larger to represent data
22
Q

isoline map

A

maps that are drawn to show data points of the same value

  • in simpler words, maps that use lines that are drawn
23
Q

Cartogram map

A

size of the map changes based on the information

-part of the map gets bigger or smaller depending on the amount of information.

24
Q

Time zones

A

in order to maximize daylight hours, each place on Earth has its own time

-in simpler words, a geographic region where the same standard time is used

25
Q

Greenwich Time

A

the midpoint where all the other clocks are based off of

26
Q

International Date Line

A

the change of date

27
Q

Projection

A

the act of taking Earth (a sphere) and creating a flat map

-things such as shape, distance, relative size, and direction are changed.

28
Q

Mercator projection

A
  • longitude and latitude in a grid

-advantages: shows the correct shape of continents
-disadvantages: makes the poles bigger than they are

29
Q

Peters Projection

A

-advantages: accurately shows less developed countries
-disadvantages: countries are distorted

30
Q

Robinson Projection

A

-advantages: compromise with many other projections
-disadvantages: edges are distorted

31
Q

Polar Projection

A

-advantages: everything is proportional
-disadvantages: countries are distorted

32
Q

Regionalization

A

the process geographers use to divide and categorize space into smaller areal units

the same way a writer divides a book into chapters and then names them

33
Q

Three types of regions

A

Formal, Functionals, Vernacular/perceptual

34
Q

Formal Regions

A

a region united by one or more traits

-physical, cultural, economic

35
Q

Functional Regions

A

regions organized around a focal point and are defined by an activity that occurs across the region

-often united by communication/transportation that is centered around a node.

think uber deliveries having limits to how far they can deliver food to

*region: pizza delivery area; Node: pizza shop

36
Q

Perceptual/Vernacular Regions

A

regions that are defined by casual sense of place that attribute to them or where they were raised

-the exact boundaries depend upon the person who is defining them

think of class example with Tully, Prock, Sarno

37
Q

Resource

A

a substance in an environment

38
Q

2 kinds of resources

A

renewable: produced in nature naturally and rapidly
nonrenewable: rarely reproduced in nature

39
Q

Sustainability

A

using Earth’s resources and materials to a limit so that there will still be enough available for future use.

  • can only be achieved by bringing together [3 pillars] environmental protection, social equity, and economic growth.
40
Q
  1. Environment
A

conservation: sustainability using earth’s natural resources
preservation: keep as little human contact as possible

41
Q
  1. Social Equity
A
  • consumer choice
  • recycled clothes vs. new fabric
42
Q
  1. Economic Growth
A
  • people should buy things that are much cheaper. If the prices of resources that are bad for the environment increase, people wll use them less.
43
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

the environment takes full control of people’s patters

44
Q

Possibilism

A

the environment partly affects how a culture is developing

45
Q

Diffusion

A

something that spreads from place to place

46
Q

Hearth

A

the [origin]al location

47
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

the idea spreads by the movement of people

the colombian exchange

-people bring the new object with them (culture, language, religion, ethnicities)

48
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

diffusion through a snowball effect

relocation= the person moves the idea
expansion= moves on its own

49
Q

Different kinds of expansion diffusion

A
  • Hierarchical
    -Contagious
    -Stimulus
50
Q

Hierarchical Expansion

A

Spreads from a person of power to less important people/places

-political leaders, celebrities, important people, influencers, etc

-Reverse hierarchical expansion

51
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

fast and widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population

  • does not include hierarchy, everyone is effected
    *disease, new music going viral, etc
52
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

spread of a principal, even if the characteristic doesn’t diffuse

  • in other words, the spread of an idea, but changing it

Ap Human Geography (2 decks)

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