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Chemistry 1-2 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Every thing in the universe that has mass and volume

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2
Q

What is mass?

A

How many atoms something has

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3
Q

What is volume?

A

The amount of space something takes up

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4
Q

What is the displacement method?

A

A method used to find the volume of irregular objects. The object is placed into a container of water, and the difference between the initial water and final measurement is its volume.

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5
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Matter that has a uniform composition that doesn’t change (ex. Silver, salt).

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6
Q

What are not pure substances?

A

Salt water, aspirin

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7
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A physical combination of at least 2 substances in any proportion (ex. Lemonade, salt water, salad).

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8
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

A mixture with the same composition/proportion throughout (ex. Lemonade, saltwater).

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9
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

A mixture that varies in composition (ex. Black nugget rocks).

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10
Q

Can mixtures be separated into their different components?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogeneous mixture with tiny particles.

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12
Q

What is a colloid?

A

A homogeneous mixture with medium particles

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13
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A heterogeneous mixture with large particles

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14
Q

What is chromatography?

A

A method of separating a mixture by using a solvent/water to take apart mixtures on a surface (based on molecular mass).

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15
Q

What is evaporation?

A

A method to separate a mixture by evaporating it.

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16
Q

What is filtration?

A

Separating a mixture by filtering it (based on size).

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17
Q

What is distillation?

A

A method to separate 2 pure liquids/substances based on different boiling points.

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18
Q

What is an element?

A

The simplest form of matter, a pure substance that has its own properties and can’t be broken down into other substances

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19
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance with two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set proportion (ex. Methane, water).

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20
Q

Compound vs. Elements

A

Both can’t be physically broken down into simpler substances. Compounds can be broken down chemically.

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21
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

Expression showing elements in a compound and their relative proportion.

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22
Q

What direction does the arrow/yield symbol point?

A

From the reactants to the products

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23
Q

What symbol does 🔺️ represent in a chemical equation?

A

It represents the reaction should be heated, placed above or below the arrow.

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24
Q

What is a physical property?

A

The quality of a substance that can be observed/measured without changing its identity/composition.

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25
Physical property examples?
Color, hardness, density, length, volume, mass, elasticity, luster
26
What is an EXtensive property?
A property that depends on HOW MUCH matter is in a sample (ex. Volume, mass, calories)
27
What is an INtensive property?
A property that depends on the TYPE of matter of a substance, not how much (ex. Color, temperature, luster, hardness, boiling point) *something that won't change if more is added
28
Describe a solid
A state of matter with definite shape and volume and particles that are vibrating/close together, difficult to compress, barely expands when heating
29
Describe a liquid
A state of matter with no shape and definite volume, flowing particles, difficult to compress, barely expands when heated
30
Describe a gas
A state of matter with no shape or volume, far apart particles, easily compressed, expands a lot when heated
31
What is a chemical property?
A substances ability to go through a specific chemical change (can only be changed by changing the composition of the materials).
32
Chemical property examples?
Flammability, reactivity, chemical stability
33
Chemical properties vs. Physical properties
Chemical properties can only be seen while the substance changes into something else, unlike physical properties. *if the composition changes, it's chemical
34
What is a physical change?
When matter changes and some of it's properties change but its identity stays the same (ex. gallium spoon melting).
35
What is a reversible physical change?
A change where the stuff/identity stays the same. Ex. Changes of states of matter, dissolving
36
What is an irreversible physical change?
A change you can't go back on. Ex. fire wood, cutting hair, cutting grass
37
When it's physical vs. chemical...
did it change into something else?
38
What is a chemical reaction?
A process where substances change into different substances.
39
In a chemical reaction, do the atoms change?
No (they just rearrange)
40
What is a combination reaction?
A+B -> C
41
What is a decomposition reaction?
AB -> A + B
42
What is a single replacement reaction?
A + BC -> B + AC
43
What is a double replacement reaction?
AB + CD -> AD + CB
44
What is a combustion reaction?
fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (heat involved)
45
What is an EXOthermic reaction?
Releases energy into the environment when new bonds form, heat, light, hot
46
What is an ENDOthermic reaction?
Absorbs energy from the environment when bonds in reactants are broken, cold
47
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?
In any reaction or chemical change, mass is not produced nor destroyed.
48
What are the 5 Clues of a chemical reaction?
color change, gas production, precipitate (solid) forms, transfer of energy/temp. change, odor produced
49
What is a precipitate?
A solid product made after 2 solutions are mixed
50
What are the 5 SI Base Units?
meter (m), kilogram (kg), Kelvin (K), Second (s), Mole (mol)
51
What are the unit conversions?
King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk = Kilo Hecto Deka Unit Deci Centi Milli
52
What is temperature a measure of?
the average of kinetic energy in a sample of matter (hot/cold)
53
What is the density formula?
d= m/v density= mass/volume *density broke my heart!
54
What is the density of water?
1.0 g/mL
55
How does something float?
If its density is less than water (1)
56
How does something sink?
If its density is more than water (1)
57
When temperature increases, density...
decreases (bc volume goes up) exception: water!
58
What is accuracy?
Measures how close a measurement is to its accepted value measurement
59
What is precision?
Measures how close many measurements are to each other
60
What's more important, accuracy or precision?
BOTH are important
61
Accepted value vs. Experimental value
Accepted: one measurement people agree on (with reliable references) Experimental: what one lab measures (not multiple over time)
62
What is the formula for calculating % error?
% Error = (|experimental value - accepted value| / accepted value) x 100%
63
Why is scientific notation useful?
It's good to express very big or very small numbers
64
Scientific notation format?
coefficient x 10^x
65
What is a significant figure?
In a measurement, sig figs are all the CERTAIN digits and one estimate/uncertain digit
66
All the digits in a measurement that aren't zero-- significant or not?
Significant
67
Zeros between non-zero measurements-- significant or not?
Significant
68
Left-most zeros (in front of all non-zero digits)-- significant or not?
Not Significant
69
Right-end zeros in a number without a decimal-- significant or not?
Not significant
70
Right-end zeros in a number with a decimal point-- significant or not?
Significant
71
Counting something or exactly defined quantities (ex. conversion factors)-- significant or not?
INFINITE significant figures
72

Chemistry 1-2 (1 decks)

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