Unit 1 Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
When the “ON” button is pressed, which computer component turns on first? ________________________
A
Powersupply
2
Q
Where is the Power On Self-Test (POST) program stored? ________________________
A
ROD (read only memory)
3
Q
When does the POST program run? __________________________________________
A
everytime the computer is turned on
4
Q
The POST program can indicate hardware failures using audible _____________ codes.
A
beep
5
Q
What is the job of the bootstrap loader program? ________________________________
A
to find the OS
6
Q
The _____________ settings can be configured by the user.
A
CMOS
7
Q
List 3 storage devices which can be configured to boot an operating system.
A
HDDs
SDD
USB thumb drives
8
Q
A storage device with a usable operating system written on it is called a _________________________________.
A
Bootable disk /
System disk
9
Q
What modern firmware program has replaced BIOS? ________________________
A
UEFI
10
Q
RAM is also referred to as _____________ or _____________ memory.
A
Main or primary
11
Q
The most common form of computer memory is _______________.
A
DRAM
12
Q
RAM is _____________ memory, because it will retain data only as long as power is applied.
A
volatile
13
Q
What kind of RAM more efficiently coordinates the CPU and memory operations? ________________________
A
Synchronous DRAM
14
Q
How can the different versions of DDR SDRAM be identified? ________________________
A
paying attention to the location of the notch on the ram stick
15
Q
What kind of RAM is found on a video card? ________________________
A
VRAM
16
Q
What is the most common cause of a General Protection Fault? ______________________________________________________________________
A
two applications trying to use the same block of memory
17
Q
The ___________ ___________ is the fastest speed at which a CPU can operate.
A
Clock speed
18
Q
Which motherboard circuit creates the clock signal? ________________________
A
Quartz oscillator
19
Q
The motherboard contains multiple paths of electrical circuits called ________________.
A
Buses
20
Q
Form factor refers to the _____________ _____________ of the motherboard
A
1.Physical
2.Dimensions
21
Q
List the 3 most common PC motherboard form factors.
A
1.Advanced Technology Extended (ATX),
2.MicroATX (µATX)
3.Information Technology Extended (ITX).
22
Q
Which part of the chipset provides high-speed interface between the CPU and RAM?
A
Northbridge
23
Q
The ____________________ is the interface between the CPU and the USB controller.
A
Southbride
24
Q
ROM is considered ____________________ memory
A
Read-only
25
What does it mean when we say that ROM is nonvolatile?
the code stored on the rom isnt erased when the computer is turned off
26
How can ROM be updated?
flashing the ram/bios
27
Where are user-configurable settings modified and saved? _______________________
CMOS
28
Why do motherboards contain a small, coin-sized battery?
it applies a constant voltage to CMOS to ensure the data is processed
29
What is the most important task of BIOS firmware?
Load computer OS
30
What are the 3 main parts of computer hardware? __________________________________
CPU, Input/Output, Memory
31
How are data and instructions transferred between the different parts of computer hardware? ________________________
buses
32
The connection between the CPU and RAM is referred to as _______________________ or system bus.
Front-side bus
33
How does the CPU access addressable locations in RAM? ___________________
Address bus
34
The _____________ __________ carries signals that report the status of various devices.
Control bus
35
Which bus provides bi-directional communication between the CPU, memory, and peripherals? ____________________
Data bus
36
What is the main job of the CPU? ________________________________________________
carry out instructions of a computer program
37
List the 3 main structures found inside a CPU
1.Control unit
2. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
3. High-speed memory (registers)
38
The _____________ unit in the CPU manages most computer resources.
Control
39
Which CPU structure performs math operations on binary integers? ________________________
Airthmetic Logic Unit
40
Which CPU structure is made of high speed volatile memory? ________________________
Registers
41
What is the overall purpose of CPU cache memory?
Improve the performance of a computer by allowing the cpu to process task more quickly
42
Why is CPU Land Grid Array superior to Pin Grid Array?
Makes cpu installation much easier and reduces the chance of damage due to mishandling or misaligment
43
What is the difference between main memory and secondary memory?
RAM is main HDD is secondary
44
Match the following:
a. Solid-state storage
b. Optical storage
c. Magnetic storage
1. HDD-Magnetic Storage
2. SSD card-Solid State
3. DVD-Optical Storage
4. SSD-Solid State Storage
5. CD-ROM-Optical
45
What is the most common HDD attachment standard? ____________________________
Advance Technology Attachment
46
Which common storage device contains spinning platters? ____________________________
Hybrid Drives
47
What failure has occurred when HDD read/write head contacts the surface of the platter? ____________________________
Head crash
48
What is the advantage of shingled magnetic recording (SMR)? ___________________________________________
Allows even more data to stored on the same physical space by overlapping the magnetic
49
What legacy system gives logical addresses to each block of data on a HDD? ___________________________________________
Cylinder Head Sector
50
What is the smallest unit of storage on a HDD disk? ____________________________
Sector
51
A ________________ is the set of all tracks that the heads are currently located at.
Cylinder
52
To make a HDD useful, it must be ____________________ and formatted
Partitioned
53
A HDD must have at least one _________________ in order to function.
Partition
54
What partition types can be created using Master Boot Record (MBR)? _____________________________________
Primary and extended
55
Windows must be installed on a ___________ partition.
Primary
56
What is the maximum number of partitions supported by MBR? ____________________
4
57
How are GTP partitions identified? ___________________________________________
LBA
58
How many Windows partitions can be created using GPT? ______________________
128 GPT partitions
59
List 2 Windows tools for partitioning a HDD. ________________________________
1.Diskpart
2.Disk Management
60
After partitioning, a HDD must be __________________ with a file system.
Formatted
61
Which legacy Microsoft file system is very popular for USB flash drives and other portable media? ____________________________
FAT 32
62
Which file system has been adopted by the SD Card Association for SD cards larger than 32GB? ____________________________
EXFAT
63
What is the only file system that can be used to format a Windows partition? ____________________________
NTFS
64
Which advanced feature of NTFS maintains a running record of file changes? ____________________________
Journaling
65
How can the NTFS save disk space? ____________________________
Compressing
66
What does NTFS do about bad sectors on a HDD?
Automatically discovers and maps bad sectors on a disk so that Windows will not try to use them
67
List 3 factors that affect HDD performance. ______________________________________________________________________
Seek, access time, rpm
68
Where are SAS interface compatible hard disk drives usually found? ______________________________________________________
Servers,enterprise-class computers
69
List 3 advantages of a solid-state drive (SSD) over a traditional HDD.
1 Resistant to physical shock
2 silent
3 faster access
70
What is the difference between a hybrid drive and a HDD? ______________________________________________________________________
Hybrids combine flash memory and platters based hard drives
71
How is binary data recorded on a compact disc (CD-ROM)? ______________________
pits and lands
72
How is data read from a DVD disc? ____________________________
red laser
73
Where did the Blu-ray disc get its name? ____________________________
blue violet laser
74
Which optical disc media holds the most data? ____________________________
Blu-ray Disc
75
List 2 advantages of magnetic tape as a storage media. ______________________________________________________________________
1.High resistance to physical shock
2.long shelf life
76
Why does magnetic tape suffer from lengthy access time? ______________________________________________
it is stored in sequential format
77
What does it mean when we say that flash memory is nonvolatile? ______________________________________________________________________
it is saved unless you delete it
78
List 3 advantages of flash media over other portable storage media. ______________________________________________________________________
silent, faster access, smaller size
79
Which component allows a computer to "talk" to a monitor? _______________________
Video Cards
80
List 4 major components of a video card. ______________________________________________________________________
1.Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
2.VRAM,
3.video BIOS
4.Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter (RAMDAC)
81
Which digital display standard can support up to 4 monitors from one video card? ____________________________
DisplayPort
82
Every network interface card (NIC) is assigned a unique, 48-bit ____________ address.
MAC
83
List 3 kinds of bound media supported by network interface cards. ___________________________________________________________________
1.optical fiber
2.coaxial copper cable
3.traditional twisted-pair copper cable
84
Which layers of the OSI reference model apply to network interface cards? _________________________________________________________________
Layer 1 (physical layer) and layer 2 (data link layer) device
85
Which peripheral device is the primary user interface to a computer? ________________
Keyboard
86
Keyboards communicate with computers using a unique binary pattern called _____________ _____________.
Scan code
87
Why does a computer need Input/Output (I/O)? ______________________________________________________________________
1.Receives information from outside world
2.Sends information to outside world
88
List 3 hardware devices which can send Interrupt Requests (IRQ) to the CPU. __________________________________________________________
1.sound cards
2.modems
3.keyboards
89
What is the software component of a hardware device called?
Device Drivers
90
What was the original purpose of the USB standard? __________________________________________
ease-of-use for computers
91
The USB _______________________ is part of the motherboard chipset which controls every USB device connected to it.
Host Controller
92
The USB root hub can support up to ______________ connected devices.
127
93
USB is described an _________________ serial bus
Universal
94
Which USB device class supports keyboards and mice? _____________________________________
03h - Human Interface Device(HiD)
95
USB flash drives and external hard drives are supported by the _____________________ device class.
08h - Mass Storage Device (MSC)
96
What is the purpose of USB Power Delivery Standards (USB PD)? _____________________________________________________
provide output voltages of 5v, 9v, 12v, and 20v, current as high as 5A, and output power up to 100W
97
Which expansion device allows connection of a microphone and speakers to a computer? __________________________________________
Sound Card
98
A power supply converts 120V AC power into __________________ for internal components of a computer.
Low Voltage DC
99
Most computer power supplies conform to the __________________ form factor
ATX
100
Power supplies are rated in ________________ based on their maximum output power.
Watts
101
What does it mean if a PSU has an 80 Plus certification? ______________________________________________________________________
PSU will convert at least 80% of its AC input energy into DC energy, with the other 20% wasted as heat
102
Why are CPUs and graphics processors fitted with heat sinks?
Heat sink transfers and dissipates heat in a solid material
103
Heat sinks are made of _______________ which are good conductors of heat.
Metals
104
What is the purpose of thermal compound? __________________________________________________________________
added to the base of the heat sink to help with thermal conduction between the CPU and heat sink
105
Why are CPUs sometimes equipped with fans? ___________________________
move heated air away and draw cooler air
106
Which cooling system is more effective than air cooling? ____________________________
Liquid cooling, also known as water-cooling
107
Which publication governs the use of software in the Air Force? ____________________________
DAFMAN 17-1203, Information Technology Asset Management
108
Which office is responsible for software license management across the entire Air Force? _________ ___________________________
Chief Information Officer
109
Which Major Command (MAJCOM) is the lead for software license management? ______________
Air Combat Command (ACC)
110
Define software: ___________________________________________________________________
Collection of data or instructions that tell a computer how to work
111
What are the two main categories of software? ___________________________________________
System and Application software
112
What kind of software does work for users? _____________________________________________
Application Software
113
_______________ software interacts directly with computer hardware.
System
114
______________ software can be turned on or off by the user while the computer is running.
Application
115
_______________ is software products that are ready-made and available to the public.
COTS
116
_____________ is an exclusive legal right granted to an author or inventor.
Copyright
117
What kind of contract defines and limits software use? ____________________________________
License agreements
118
Only software that is on the __________ __________ __________ can be used on Air Force networks
Approved product list
119
All Air Force desktop/laptop software on new computer systems must comply with the _______
SDC
120
Which DoD agency manages USAF software testing and approval? _____________________
Defense Information Systems Agency's (DISA)
121
The two main priorities of DoD software testing labs are ______________ and ______________
Cyber security
Interoperability
