unit 1

Question 1

individual

Answer 1

one organism

Question 2

population

Answer 2

group of individuals of same species

Question 3

community

Answer 3

all living organisms in an area

Question 4

ecosystem

Answer 4

all living and non-living things in an area

Question 5

Biome

Answer 5

large area with similar climate conditions that determine plant and animal species there

Question 6

list types of interactions

Answer 6

competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism

Question 7

competition

Answer 7

organisms fighting over a resource like food or shelter; limits population size (- -)

Question 8

predation

Answer 8

one organism using another for energy source (hunters, parasites, even herbivores) ( + -)

Question 9

mutualism

Answer 9

relationship that benefits both organisms (coral reef) (+ +)

Question 10

commensalism

Answer 10

relationship that benefits one organism and doesn’t impact the other (birds nest’s in trees) (+ 0)

Question 11

herbivores

Answer 11

plant eaters

Question 12

true predators

Answer 12

carnivores kill and eat prey for energy

Question 13

parasites

Answer 13

use a host organism for energy, often without killing the host and often living inside host

Question 14

parastoids

Answer 14

lay eggs inside a host organism; the eggs hatch a larve eat the host for energy

Question 15

symbiosis

Answer 15

any close and long-term interaction between two organisms of different species (ex: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism)

Question 16

resource partitioning

Answer 16

different species using the same resource in different ways to reduce competition

Question 17

temporal partitioning

Answer 17

using resource @ different times, such as wolves and coyotes hunting @ different times of the day/night

Question 18

spatial partitioning

Answer 18

using different areas of a shared habitat

Question 19

morphological partitioning

Answer 19

using different resources based on different evolved body features

Question 20

primary productivity

Answer 20

rate that solar energy is converted into org. compounds via photosynthesis over a unit of time (amount of plant growth) (rate of photosynthesis)

Question 21

high primary productivity

Answer 21

high plant growth, happens when there’s a lot of food and shelter for animals, higher biodiversity

Question 22

respiration loss RL

Answer 22

plants use up some of the energy they generate via photosynthesis by doing cell respiration

Question 23

Gross primary productivity GPP

Answer 23

the total amount of sun energy (light) that plants capture and convert to energy (glucose) through photosynthesis

Question 24

Net primary productivity NPP

Answer 24

the amount of energy (biomass) leftover for consumers after plants have used some for respiration

Question 25

Biome examples

Answer 25

rain forest, taiga, temperate forest, deciduous forest, tundra, desert, grasslands, savanna

Question 26

nutrient availability

Answer 26

plants need soil nutrients to grow, so availability determines which plants can survive in a biome

Question 27

tropical rain forest nutrient availability

Answer 27

nutrient-poor soil, this leads to high competition from so many different plant species

Question 28

boreal forest nutrient availability

Answer 28

nutrient-poor soil (low temperature and low decomposition rate of dead organisms matter)

Question 29

temperate forest nutrient availability

Answer 29

nutrient-rich soil (lots of dead org. matter, leaves and warm temperature/moisture for decomposition)

Question 30

shifting biomes

Answer 30

biomes shift in location on earth as climate changes ex: warming climate will shift boreal forests further north as tundra permafrost soil melts and lower latitudes become too warm for aspen and spruce

Question 31

law 1 of thermodynamics

Answer 31

energy/matter is never created nor destroyed

Question 32

law 2 thermodynamics

Answer 32

each time energy is transferred, some of it is lost as heat (applied to food webs, as you move up trophic level the energy decreases) (10% rule)

Question 33

10% rule

Answer 33

as you move up the food chain/web only 10% of the energy is transferable, the other 90% is lost due to heat

Question 34

primary producers

Answer 34

plants

Question 35

primary consumer

Answer 35

animals that eat plants (herbivores)

Question 36

secondary consumers

Answer 36

animals that eat primary consumers or herbivores

Question 37

tertiary consumers

Answer 37

animals that eat secondary consumers or carnivores/omnivores