Unit 1

Question 1

What is baseline?

Answer 1

this allows you to predict the level of behaviour in the absence of an intervention

Question 2

What is steady state?

Answer 2

this is when there is no trend or minimal variability. fewer data points are required when behaviour is steady

Question 3

What is variability?

Answer 3

Highly fluctuating levels of behavior. More data points are required. Data can still be steady in variability.

Question 4

What is a trend?

Answer 4

This is the overall direction of the data path. usually there is no trend in baseline.

Question 5

What is replication?

Answer 5

Repeating. this increases the liklihood that the change was a result of the IV. I|t also demonstrates reliability of a behaviour change.

Question 6

What is a direct Replication?

Answer 6

exact duplicate

Question 7

What is systematic replication?

Answer 7

duplication of an experiment under varying conditions.

Question 8

What is within subjects replication?

Answer 8

duplication of an experiment with the same participant.

Question 9

What is a between subjects replication?

Answer 9

duplication of an experiment with a different participant.

Question 10

What are the components of a Graph?

Answer 10

x axis and y axis
axis lables,
title,
phase lines
phase lables
axis numbers
data points

Question 11

What is an ABAB design?

Answer 11

baseline, treatment, base;ine, treatment

Question 12

What is the purpose of Research in Behavior Analysis?

Answer 12

To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment.

To demonstrate a functional relation between environmental events and behaviors.

Question 13

What is the Scientific method?

Answer 13

Measures the DV( target behavior)
Manipulate the IV (environment/ treatment)
demonstrate change in the target behavior
replicate

Question 14

What is the outcome of Research in BA?

Answer 14

To show that the IV exerts functional control over the DV.

Question 15

What is an A-B design?

Answer 15

One baseline and one treatment phase.
This is not a true research design
it does not demonstrate a functional relationship
It is used in clinical practices and self management projects.

Question 16

What is an ABAB reversal design?

Answer 16

Baseline and treatment phases are implemented 2 or more times for one behaviour of one participant.
This can demonstrate a functional relationship.
Things that should be considered:
- is the behaviour reversible
-should treatment be removed
-possibility of sequence effects

Question 17

What is a multiple baseline design across participants?

Answer 17

Across participants with the same target behavior.
Treatment is staggared over time across the participants.
The benefit is that there is no need to re-expose the client to maintaining conditions
One of the drawbacks is that there is no within subject direct replication. Only between subject replication.

Question 18

What is a multiple baseline design across behaviors?

Answer 18

Tow or more behaviors of the same participant

treatment is staggered across behaviors

Question 19

What is a multiple baseline design across settings?

Answer 19

Two or more settings with same target behavior of the same participant.
Treatment is staggered across settings
multiple baseline designs can demonstrate a functional relationship

Question 20

What is a multielement design?

Answer 20

Also called an alternating treatment desing.

• this design compares the baseline and treatment or two treatments
• this results in two or more data paths.
• conditions are alternated rapidly
• can demonstrate a functional relationship when the data are seporated between two or more conditions.
• just having two or more data paths does not mean it is a multielement design.

Question 21

What is the benefit of a multielement design?

Answer 21

• allows direct contrast of conditions.

- it can produce rapid demonstration of experimental control. Can produce within subjects replication.

Question 22

What is the drawbacks of multielement designs?

Answer 22

Interaction affects between conditions.. failures to discriminate between the conditions.
Problems can increase with more conditions.

Question 23

What is a changing criterion design?

Answer 23

baseline and treatment phase
multiple performance criteria in the treatment phase
functional relation or functional control is demonstrated when the behaviour matches the performance criteria.

Question 24

What is a Combined design?

Answer 24

Logic of designs is incorporated as needed.
The benefit is that it allows for flexability in design as unforseen problems arise. You can alter the design as problems occur
One of the drawbacks are that results are from different design for each subject.

Question 25

What is functional control?

Answer 25

A design may have the ability to demonstrate functional control but may fail to do so.
It is on a continuum.
The only one that cannot demonstrate functional control is the AB design.