unit 1

Question 1

mRNA - name and function

Answer 1

messenger RNA - carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 2

rRNA name and function

Answer 2

ribosomal RNA - structural component of ribosomesalong with other proteins

Question 3

An intron is ..

Answer 3

Non-coding component of pre-mRNA

Question 4

An exon is

Answer 4

Coding part of mRNA

Question 5

A Codon is ..

Answer 5

Three base sequence on mRNA

Question 6

An Anticodon is ..

Answer 6

Three base sequence on tRNA

Question 7

The genome is

Answer 7

All the genetic information in an individual or cell

Question 8

A nucleotide is …

Answer 8

Monomers of nucleic acids - contain a phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base

Question 9

Globular proteins are proteins with functional roles closely linked to their 3Dshape. Examples of these are …

Answer 9

e.g. enzymes, antibodies, protein hormones like insulin

Question 10

Fibrous proteins are proteins with structural roles. Examples of these are ..

Answer 10

e.g. keratin, collagen, elastin

Question 11

Quaternary protein structure is …

Answer 11

Two or more polypeptides joined together

Question 12

Tertiary protein structure is

Answer 12

A 3D structure composed of a folded secondary structure

Question 13

The secondary structure of a protein is …

Answer 13

The folding of the primary structure into alpha helix, beta pleated sheetor randomly folded

Question 14

Primary structure of a protein is ..

Answer 14

Sequence of amino acids

Question 15

Condensation polymerisation is …

Answer 15

Chemical reaction involving the chemical elimination of water during the formation of a polymer

Question 16

The monomer of a protein is …

Answer 16

an amino acid

Question 17

A polymer is

Answer 17

A series of monomers joined together

Question 18

A monomer is …

Answer 18

Single unit from which a polymer is formed

Question 19

Proteome

Answer 19

The entire set of proteins expressed by an organism at a given time

Question 20

A gene is a

Answer 20

heredity unit composed of a DNA section. It occupies aspecific location on a chromosome.It determines thecharacteristic of an organism by encoding for theformation of a protein

Question 21

Three base sequence on mRNA is called a

A

Answer 21

Codon ..

Question 22

Three base sequence on tRNA is called a

Answer 22

Anticodon

Question 23

Pyrimidines bases are ..

Answer 23

Cytosine and Thymine (CAT) and uracil.

Question 24

Purine bases are …

Answer 24

Adeninde and Guanine (Ag Pure silver)

Question 25

Define degenerate

Answer 25

This means that multiple codons code for the same amino acid.

Question 26

Translation definition

Answer 26

Ribosomes read the mRNA code for _____. tRNA brings the correct and specific amino acid to the ribosome. tRNA anticodons are complementary and specific to mRNA codons. Amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond, in a condensation polymerisation reaction, and a ______ polypeptide is formed.

Question 27

Transcription definition

Answer 27

DNA unwinds, and RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter region for the _____ gene. DNA template strand is copied into pre-mRNA via complementary base pairing using RNA polymerase. pre mRNA undergoes RNA processing. Introns are removed, a 5’ methyl cap and 3’ poly-A tail are added to form mRNA. mRNA for ______leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome.

Question 28

Define the word universal in relation to the DNA code

Answer 28

This means that it results in the same amino acid being translated in all living things e.g. TAC will code for Met in all living things.

Question 29

DNA and its features

Answer 29

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and codes for the proteins within all living things DNA is: Double stranded, antiparralel and contains the nitrogenous bases thymine adenine guanine and cytosine

Question 30

RNA and its features

Answer 30

RNA stand for ribonucleic acid RNA has: Ribose(within its name) as its pentose sugar, uracil adenine guanine and cytosine,and is single stranded

Question 31

differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 31

Single stranded vs double stranded Uracil vs thymine Deoxyribose vs ribose

Question 32

A point mutation is when ?

Answer 32

one single nucleotide is changed

Question 33

A silent mutation is where the ?

Answer 33

Base changes but still codes for the same base as the DNA code is degenerate

Question 34

A missense mutation is where ?

Answer 34

Base changes and so does the amino acids coded for so may affect the function of the protein

Question 35

A nonsense mutation is where ?

Answer 35

Base changes and so does the amino acids coded creating a stop codon and a non-functional protein

Question 36

what is addition

Answer 36

adding a base such as TAC GCC when adding thymine to the third position results in TAC TGCC

Question 37

what is substitution

Answer 37

substituting a base for another base such a TAC GCC when substituting thymine for cytosine at the third position results in TAT GCC

Question 38

what is deletion

Answer 38

removing a base such in TAC GCC when removing the third base results in TAG CC

Question 39

3 Parts of Cell Theory

Answer 39

1)Cells are the basic functional and structural unit of life 2)All cells come from pre existing cells 3)All living things are made from one or more cells or from products of cells

Question 40

what is a frame shift

Answer 40

Because DNA is read in triplets then this means that when a base is added or removed that from that point onwards each triplet read would be different therefore resulting in different Amino acids being coded for and hence a different or non-functional protein.