Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Chemistry?
A
The study of matter and it’s changes.
2
Q
Why is Chemistry called the central science?
A
It plays a roll in all branches of science.
3
Q
What do all branches of Chemistry employ?
A
The Scientific Method
4
Q
Describe the five steps of the Scientific Method
A
- Define the problem
- Set up a hypothesis
- Set up an experiment and collect data
- Organize data into logical patterns
- Make conclusions
5
Q
What are the two types of data collected during the Scientific Method?
A
Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
6
Q
Numerical and Unit Data gathered during an experiment or observation.
A
Quantitative Data
(Think: Quantitive = Quantity)
7
Q
Observational and Characteristic Data gathered during an experiment or observation.
A
Qualitative Data
(Think: Qualitative = Qualify)
8
Q
Name 3 ways to organize data into logical patterns.
A
- Pie Chart
- Line Graph
- Organize Lists
- Bar Graphs
9
Q
A set of tested hypothesis that gives an explanation of why nature behaves in a certain way.
A
Theory (Model)
10
Q
Statement that expresses naturally observed behavior.
A
Natural Law
11
Q
International system of units recognized by the scientific community.
A
Standard International Units
12
Q
What is the SI unit for Mass and it’s abbreviation?
A
Kilograms (kg)
13
Q
What is the SI unit for Length/Distance and it’s abbreviation?
A
Meter (m)
14
Q
What is the SI unit for Temperature and it’s abbreviation?
A
Kelvin (K)
(Note, NOT Degrees Kelvin!)
15
Q
What is the SI unit for Time?
A
Seconds (s)
16
Q
What is the mathematical formula for Density?
A
D = Mass
————
Volume
17
Q
What is the mathematical formula for Volume?
A
V = Length^3
18
Q
List off the internationally recognized prefixes for metric measurement.
A
Pico, Nano, Micro, Milli, Centi, Deci, Base, Kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera.
19
Q
What is X in the following statement?
Pico = 10^x
A
Pico = 10^-12
20
Q
What is X in the following statement?
Nano = 10^x
A
Nano = 10^-9
21
Q
What is X in the following statement?
Micro = 10^x
A
Micro = 10^-6
22
Q
What is X in the following statement?
Mili = 10^x
A
Mili = 10^-3
23
Q
What is X in the following statement?
Centi = 10^x
A
Centi = 10^-2
24
Q
What is X in the following statement?
Deci = 10^x
A
Deci = 10^-1
25
What is X in the following statement?
Kilo = 10^x
Kilo = 10^3
26
What is X in the following statement?
Mega = 10^x
Mega = 10^6
27
What is X in the following statement?
Giga = 10^x
Giga = 10^9
28
What is X in the following statement?
Tera = 10^x
Tera = 10^12
29
The Rules of Significant Figures
True or False?
Any digit that is not 0 is always significant.
True
30
The Rules of Significant Figures
True or False?
Any digit that is not 0 is never significant.
False
31
The Rules of Significant Figures
How many significant figures in the following number?
9631.8
5 Significant FIgures
32
The Rules of Significant Figures
0's between non-zero numbers are significant. (Ex. 101)
True
33
The Rules of Significant Figures
How many Significant Figures in the following number?
802
3 Significant Figures
34
The Rules of Significant Figures
0's between non-zero numbers are not significant. (Ex. 101)
False
35
The Rules of Significant Figures
0's that are terminal to the right of the decimal point are significant. (Ex. 25.0)
True
36
The Rules of Significant Figures
0's that are terminal to the right of the decimal point are not significant. (Ex. 25.0)
False
37
The Rules of Significant Figures
How many significant figures are in the following number?
45.0
3 Significant Figures
38
The Rules of Significant Figures
0's that LEAD to the right of the decimal point are NOT significant figures. (Ex. 0.0000003)
True
39
The Rules of Significant Figures
How many significant figures in the following number?
0.0001
1 Significant Figure
40
The Rules of Significant Figures
If a number is greater than 1, all 0's to the right of the decimal are significant. (Ex 42.0003)
True
41
The Rules of Significant Figures
How many significant figures are in the following number?
1.001
4 Significant Figures
42
The Rules of Significant Figures
Numbers that end in 0 but do not have decimal points are _____________.
Questionable
43
The Rules of Significant Figures
Rule of Addition/Subtraction
The number of significant figures is determined by the ___________ number of significant figures to the ___________ of the decimal point.
1. Smallest
2. Right
44
The Rules of Significant Figures
Rule for multiplication/division
The number of significant figures in the final product/quotient is determined by the ________________ that has the ____________ number of significant figures
1. Original Number
2. Smallest
45
The lowest theoretical temperature. (0 K)
Absolute Zero
46
Characteristics that can be measured/observed.
Physical properties
47
How things react to form a new substance.
Chemical properties
48
Involves a change in 1 or more physical properties, but no change in the fundamental components that make up the substances.
Physical Changes
49
Change in the fundamental components of the substance; a given substance changes into a different substance or substances (Also called reactions)
Chemical Changes
50
Electricity put into water will decompose it into oxygen gas and hydrogen gas. This is an example of what kind of change?
Chemical Change
51
A classification of matter implying a constant composition, either ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS.
Pure Substance
52
Substances that cannot be broken down further.
Elements
53
Substances of a given combination of elements that can be broken down into those elements by chemical means.
Compounds
54
Two or more substances that can be separated into 2 or more pure substances (Elements/Compounds) based on different physical properties
Mixture
55
This term describes a mixture that is uniform or same throughout.
Homogenous Mixture (Solution)
56
This term describes a mixture that is NOT uniform or same throughout.
Heterogenous Mixture
57
Name the two methods used to separate mixtures.
Distillation
Filtration
58
Separation of components based on differences in volatility. (Heating and Condensing)
Distillation
59
Separation of a liquid from a solid with the use of filter paper.
Filtration
60
This group had originally proposed that there were only 4 elements: Fire, Water, Air, and Earth.
The Greeks, 5th Century BCE
61
This group originally proposed that there were 5 elements: Earth, Fire, Water, Wood, and Metal.
The Chinese
62
This scientist proposed that there was not preconceived number of elements.
Robert Boyle
63
Name the 5 sources element names are derived from.
(HINT: L - PoD - Y,S - My - Sci)
1. Property in another language
2. Place of Discovery
3. Yitterby, Sweden
4. Mythology / Planets
5. After Noted Scientists
64
This Scientist formed his Atomic Theory in 1808, establishing 4 rules.
1. All matter is composed of small, indivisible particles (atoms)
2. Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical behavior. Atoms of different elements are different in mass and chemical behavior.
3. Two or more atoms join in simple, fixed ratios to form compounds (Law of Multiple Proportions)
3. In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged to form different compounds; atoms are not created nor destroyed (Law of Conservation of Mass)
John Dalton
65
Two or more atoms join in simple, fixed rations to form compounds. This law is known as what?
Law of Multiple Proportions
66
In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged to form different compounds; atoms are not created nor destroyed. This law is known as what?
Law of Conservation of Mass
67
This formula shows the number and type of elements in a compound.
Chemical Formula
68
This is the fundamental unit of which elements are composed.
Atom
69
in 1897, this scientist discovered electons through a cathode experiment drawing a negatively charged beam of light towards magnetic plates.
JJ Thomson
70
What was the name of JJ Thomson's theoretical model of the atom?
The Plum Pudding Model
71
In 1910, this scientist used thin gold foil as targets for alpha particles from a radioactive source.
Ernest Rutherford
72
What was the result of Rutherford's experiment in which Alpha particles were fired through gold foil? What was determined from the result?
Result: 1 out of every 1000 Alpha particles veered off at a wild angle.
Interpretation: Something was causing the wild deviation in trajectory. The cause was determined to be the positive charge of the Alpha Particles was being repelled by another positive charge. Therefore, the Nucleus of an atom was determined to be positively charged.
73
In 1932, this scientist bombarded Beryllium with Alpha particles. High energy neutral particles were emitted.
James Chadwick
74
During Chadwick's Beryllium experiment, what were the neutral particles that were emitted?
Neutrons
75
What type of charge does an Electron have?
Negative
76
What type of charge does a Proton have?
Positive
77
What type of charge does a Neutron have?
No charge
78
Who is credited with studying the Electron?
JJ Thompson
79
Who is credited with studying the Proton?
Rutherford
80
Who is credited with studying the Neutron?
Chadwick
81
What is the mass of an Electron?
9.1 x 10 ^ -28 grams
82
What is the mass of a Proton?
1.67 x 10 ^ -24 grams
(Equal to the theoretical weight of a Neutron)
83
What is the mass of a Neutron?
1.67 x 10 ^ -24 grams
(Equal to the theoretical weight of a Proton)
84
This term refers to the number of protons in the nucleus.
Atomic Number
85
This term refers to the total number of neutrons and protons.
Mass Number
86
Atoms of a given element with the same atomic number, but a different mass number.
Isotopes
87
What does an Isotope have a varying amount of?
Neutrons
88
This term refers to the weighted average of isotopes based on abundance in their nature.
Atomic Mass
89
What are the VERTICAL columns called on the Periodic Table?
Groups or Families
90
What are the HORIZONTAL rows called on the Periodic Table?
Periods
91
What is group IA on the Periodic Table named?
Alkaline Metals
92
What is group IIA Named on the Periodic Table?
Alkaline Earth Metals
93
What is group IIIB - IIB named on the Periodic Table?
Transition Metals
94
What is group VIIA named on the Periodic Table?
Halogens
95
What is group VIIIA called on the Periodic Table?
Noble Gasses
96
Conductivity, Shine, Ductility, and Malleability are all properties of what material?
Metals
97
Non-Conductivity, Dullness, Non-Ductility, lack of Malleability are properties of what kind of material?
Nonmetals
98
What properties do Metalloids have?
Properties of both metals and non-metals.
99
Name two Allotropes of Carbon.
Diamonds and Graphite
100
Fill in the blanks:
Group# Gain/Lose Electrons Charge
IA
IIA
IIIA
VIIA
VIA
VA
Group# Gain/Lose Electrons Charge
IA Lose 1 1+
IIA Lose 2 2+
IIIA Lose 3 3+
VIIA Gain 1 1-
VIA Gain 2 2-
VA Gain 3 3-
101
Write the chemical formula for the following Ionic Compound:
Na ^ 1+ + Cl ^ 1-
NaCl
102
Write the chemical formula for the following Ionic Compound:
Ca ^ 2+ + F ^ 1-
CaF2
103
Write the chemical formula for the following Ionic Compound:
Li ^ 1+ + O ^ 2-
Li2O
104
Write the chemical formula for the following Ionic Compound:
Al ^ 3+ + S ^ 2-
Al2S3
105
What kind of compound is able to conduct electricity?
Ionic Compounds
106
What kind of device is used to detect conductivity of a compound?
A conductivity apparatus
107
What part of a conductivity apparatus is makes contact with the compound it is testing?
The electrodes
108
