Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the definition of psychology?
A
The study of behavior and mental processes
2
Q
What is the definition of behavior?
A
Observable actions of people and other animals
3
Q
What is the definition of Mental Processes?
A
Brain activities that are taken place within the mind?
4
Q
Thoughts, memories, sensation, perception, emotion state of mind are examples of what?
A
Mental Processes
5
Q
Name the 5 goals of psychology and explain what each goal mean
A
To observe- you have to observe something weather it is mental or physical To describe- need to use specific behaviors on what someone didTo explain- need to provide the context of the situation like backstory and setting To predict- need to make an assumption on what the person is going to do in the situation next To control or change behavior- need to know how to respond to the situation
6
Q
When did the field of phycology first began?
A
In 1979
7
Q
Where was psychology found in and by who?
A
Founded in Germany by Wiham Waunt
8
Q
What did wilhan waunt do to become credited as the founder of psychology?
A
He opened the first research lab
9
Q
What is the definition of structuralism?
A
Interested in how the basic elements of consciousness experiences are organized and also the mental processes involved.
10
Q
What are structuralists interest in?
A
interested in the structure of the mind
11
Q
The process of looking inward at ones own conscience and explaining it is called what?
A
Introspection
12
Q
If you show an apple to someone and ask the person to introspect it what does the person do?
A
Say how the apple reminds them of a memory and how did that memory make them feel.
13
Q
Who is Edward Titchener?
A
He was an early associate of that worked with wilham he is also a structuralist
14
Q
Who is J Henry Alston and what is most known for?
A
He is the first African American psychologist he is known for being the first African American to have his research published also a structuralist.
15
Q
What is Gestalt psychology most associated with?
A
Sensations and perceptions
16
Q
What is gestalt psychology focused on?
A
The basic view that human consciousness can not be broken down into basic elements you have to take all mental processes combined.
17
Q
What does the quote “The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts” essentially mean?
A
The whole is greater than the individual parts
18
Q
What did Max wertheimer and Wolfgang kholer use?
A
Gestalt psychology
19
Q
What is the definition of phi phenomenon?
A
The false persecution of movement
20
Q
Give 3 examples of phi phenomenon
A
Strobe lightsFlip book Video
21
Q
What is the definition of functionalism?
A
How mental processes serve a purpose, the useful functions of the mind and how are they useful and how do they function
22
Q
What 3 things did William James do/ known as
A
First psychologist First textbook published First to teach psychology at Harvard
23
Q
What was Herman Ebbinghaus known for?
A
The first pioneer of memory
24
Q
What book did Herman Ebbinghaus write? What does the book describe?
A
On memory. Describes the first extensive set of experiments of memory he was the only researcher and participant
25
Describe the experiment Herman Ebbinghaus performed on himself and what did he find?
He tried to memorize and quiz himself on nonsense words he found that after 20 minutes you start of loose all the memory than in that 9 hour span you start to loose less memory.
26
What was Mary whiten Calkins known for?
Known for paired associates
27
What was paired associates known for?
The first use of nomonic devices
28
Describe what paired associates is
A color and number was associated to help remember what prescription for medicine goes with what.
29
What is the definition of congnitive psychology?
contemporary functionalism that emphasizes the importance of mental processes
30
what is Jean Piaget most famous for?
he is known for reviving functionalism and contributed to developmental associated with cognitive psychology.
31
what is the most used and dominate in today because of Jean Piaget?
cognitive psychology
32
what is the definition for cognitive processes?
Another word for thinking refers to all the intellectual processes.
33
what is the definition of psychometrics
The perspective in psychology that focuses on the measurement masurement of mental functions
34
who do we associate with psychometrics?
Alfred Binet
35
what is Alfred Binet known for?
invented the first IQ test
36
where was the IQ test originated from?
The French department of education
37
What was the IQ test first used for?
They wanted to know the what the benchmarks were for different age groups so they can enhance the curriculum
38
What was the result of the IQ test?
it foced more on the higher learners then the slower learners
39
what is the only school in psychology?
Behaviorism
40
what is the definition of behaviorism?
emphazizes the process of learning an outward behavior
41
what do you associate behaviorism with?
Learning perspective
42
who was the founder of behaviorism?
Ivan Pavlov
43
what was Ivan Pavlov interested in studying?
learning the digestive track of dogs
44
what type of learning did Ivan Pavlov come up with?
Classical learning
45
what is the definition of classical learning?
focuses on learning through associations
46
who is associated with classical learning?
Jhon B watson
47
what is Jhon B watson most known for?
The baby alert experiment
48
explain what the baby experiment is?
He took a group of orphans and installed fear in them and then used classical learning to reverse it
49
"who said if you give me a newborn I can turn that newborn into anything you want."
Jhon B. Watson
50
what is the explanation of Jhon B Watson's famous quote?
he an manipulate the baby through its environment by changing the environment
51
what is B. F skinner known for?
introducing the concept of Reinforcement
52
What was B.F skinner interested in?
Learning through consequences
53
what is the definition of operant conditioning?
how we behave a certain way and then based on the consequences weather good or bad determines weather or weather not we behave that way in the future
54
what was Albert bandura known four
introduced the concept of social learning
55
what did Albert bandura deveolop?
The social learning theory
56
Explain the social learning theory?
he believed that we learn socially by observing others once we observe another's behavior we model/copy that behavior.
57
what is the definition of socially learning?
Learning through others
58
Parents need to model the behavior they want to their kids bc kids are most likely going to model that behavior is an example of what?
Social learning/socially learning theory
59
who do we associate with psychoanalytic perspective (psychoanalysis)
Sigmund Freud
60
who says "we act the way we act because there is a drive influincing the behavior?"
Sigmund Freud
61
what is the theory of the unconsciousness/subconscious mind.
our behavior and thoughts are driven by our subconscious mind are driven outside awareness
62
what does Sigmund Freud say about childhood?
early on in life we have unresolved problems that appear later in life that is driven throughout the rest of our lives
63
what is the definition of motives?
internal states that were activated by the subconscious mind like sex, hunger, anger
64
describe the humanistic perspective?
the point of view that all human beings posses this inborn tendency to become the best we can be, it is about us individually directed tworads the greatest potential
65
what word do we associate with the the humanistic perspective?
growth
66
who is Carl Rogers? and what did he do?
a pinoner In humanistic psychology he listened to people talk no matter what called the unconditional positive regard
67
who do we associate with the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
68
what is the hierarchy needs?
when we were born we are at the bottom of then we will always strive to work the way up
69
what does self actualization mean?
the potential when we are able to reach our full potential
70
who do we associate with self actualization?
Ghandi and Mother terssa
71
what word do we associate with the neuroscience perspective?
biological perspective
72
what does the neuroscience perspective study?
studies the nervous system and studies all aspects of behavior through the nervous system.
73
what does chemicals(neurotransmitters and hormones) influence?
they influence who we are and play a big role in how we act, think, feel
74
what does hereditary mean?
passed down from parents to offspring biologically
75
what does the socio-cultural perspective believe?
belives that in order to understand humans we need to take into account their backround, class, race, gender, ethnicity
76
from our point of view someone may seem one way but wee need to take account their backround is an example of what?
The socio-cultural perspective
77
describe cultural relativity?
when you view others in terms of their own values beliefs and traditions it reduces stereotypes.
78
describe the evolutionary perspective?
we learn most about human behavior through studying the prehistoric past linked with Charles Darwin.
79
name some examples of evolutionary perspective?
why are we afraid of the darkwhy do we cry
80
describe positive psychology?
the only thing important is the positive characteristics of humans
81
who does we associate with positive psychology?
martin seligram
82
what is Martin seligram known for?
the 6 virtues
83
List the 6 virtues
wisdom-curositycourage-braveryhumanity- kind,lovingjustice-fairtemperance-emotions transcendence-kind
84
what are the 2 areas of psychology?
Experimental psychology and applied psychology
85
what does experimental psychology do?
they conduct research and it makes up 20%
86
what does applies psychology do?
used the knowledge provided by experimental in order to solve and pervent problems. makes up 80%
87
what does clinical psychology do?
they go into trying to help other people with behavioral and mental issues
88
what does counseling psychology do?
they help people to reshape their goals and overcome obstacles Ex: families
89
what does industrial/organizational psychology do?
they work in industries and focus on ways to make companies more efficient and help workers become more satisfied.
90
educational psychology is a subfield in what?
school psychology
91
what does educational psychology do?
they work behind the scenes they do not work directly work with students they work with school administrators.
92
what does educational psychology help with?
they help with developing the school ciriculum, the textbooks, and standardize tests
93
what does school psychologist do?
they work directly with students. they work with students who are facing problems that interfere with learning
94
what does health psychology do?
They focus on the pressures, conflicts,and hardships that contribute to health.
95
How does heath psychology deal with people in poor health?
they figure out how to prevent poor health by changing lifestyles, reducing stress, and finding better outlets
96
what does developmental psychology study?
they study the changes that occur throughout the lifespan
97
what type of changes to developmental psychologist study?
Emotional, physical, social changes
98
what do developmental psychologist mainly study?
congnetive psychology
99
what is the difference between psychology vs psychiatry?
Psychology you have a PhD with the title Dr you can not prescribe medicine. Psychiatry you have a M.D you go to medical school and you can prescribe medicine
100
What is the definition of scientific method?
A method of studying of behavior that relies on systematic observation and certain rules of evidence
101
Who uses empirical evidence?
Psychological researchers
102
What is empirical evidence?
It is evidence that is based on public observation
103
What is empirical evidence used for?
This is used so it can be confirmed by others
104
What do researchers rely on when describing their empirical evidence?
They rely on operational definitions
105
What is operational definitions?
Definition that specifically describe where the evidence comes from
106
A study was done a long time ago about a team of psychologist studied bus accidents in Chicago. They There were many bus accidents in that area so they conducted the study. they collected their their evidence then they presented their evidence through a operational definition in describing their evidence in the study, one of the operational methods is as followed.
1.)60% of Chicago bus drivers daydream while driving their buses.
2.) 60% of Chicago bus drivers answered yes to the question do you ever daydream while driving your bus?
Which of the two examples is a good operational definition and why?
Number two is a good operational definition because it specifically tells you where they got that number from.
107
What does psychological theories apply to?
Psychological research
108
What is psychological theories?
A tentative explanation of facts and relationships and science
109
What is psychological theories always open to?
Always open to revision
110
What can a theory never be and what can a theory can be?
A theory can never be 100% proven but can be 100% rejected
111
Are psychological theories, general or specific?
They are general
112
We believe there is a relationship between drinking caffeine and grades. What is that example of?
Psychological theories
113
What is a hypothesis?
A prediction based on theories that are tested in a study
114
When a study is conducted, what is the goal?
The goal is trying to confirm or reject a hypothesis
115
Is a hypothesis specific or general?
Specific
116
When students drink a 12 ounce caffeine drink before a test students will score better on the test. What is that an example of?
A hypothesis
117
What is the definition of population?
A group from which research participants are chosen
118
What is the definition of sample?
The group of research participants that are chosen from the population
119
What is the goal of a sample?
To learn more about that population
120
Are samples, small or big in psychological research?
They are small
121
What do you want a sample to be?
A representative
122
What is a representative?
It is typical of all of the population
123
What do you want to have as a representative?
Male students female students, AP students academic students you want to represent all of the population
124
What is replication?
The repeating of studies
125
No matter how powerful the evidence is in a study you should doubt that study until when?
Until it is replicated, the study has been repeated again and again and gets the same results over and over
126
The more times a study has been replicated. what happens?
The stronger the data has become
127
What is the definition of descriptive studies?
A method used to describe predictable behavior and mental processes.
128
When do you use descriptive studies?
If you want to predict a situation or how someone may think in a situation
129
How do you conduct a descriptive study?
By studying people as they live their lives
130
What is a survey?
A series of questions that is used to gather evidence
131
A survey is the most direct way to obtain what?
To obtain information and to describe people’s opinion about whatever the topic is
132
What is a disadvantage to surveys?
Daily to bias questions to get a result on what we wanted, the result to be
133
What is the definition of naturalist observation?
Studying behavior as it occurs in a real life setting.
134
What is naturalist observation most often used on?
Animals
135
Who do we associate with naturalist observation?
Jane Geraldi
136
What did Jane Geraldi study?
She studied champs to learn about their behavior
137
What is an advantage of natural observation?
You see their true behavior
138
What needs to happen for a naturalist observation to be successful?
The patient needs to be unaware that they’re being observed
139
What is a disadvantage of naturalist observation?
If the patient knows that you are observing them, they will act different not their true selves
140
What is the definition of clinical/laboratory observation?
An observation that is conducted in a controlled setting
141
Do the participants know they are being observed in clinical/laboratory observations?
Yes, they know they are being observed
142
When are clinical/laboratory observations used?
They are used when mental health professionals are treating patients to find treatment programs
143
What is the definition of a case study?
An in-depth investigation of an individual over a period of times can occur up to a few days or two a few weeks
144
What is an advantage of a case study?
It is in depth information
145
What is a disadvantage of a case study
It is just one person that is being observed. You cannot apply those results to the population.
146
What is the definition of the longitudinal method?
Studies a large group of people over a long period of time it goes up to many years
147
Does the longitudinal method have a small sample size or a large sample size?
A large sample size usually 1000 people
148
You want to find more about cancer so you take a group of 10,000 kids and they will every five years they will see who develops cancer and who does not and then find out if there are any links or commonality. Why is this an example of?
The longitudinal method
149
What is the definition of meta-analysis?
A combination of data combines data of multiple studies to provide conclusions about a topic
150
What does correlational method measure?
Measures the strength of the relationship between variables.
151
A link between sleep and good grades we can see relationships. What is that an example of?
Correlational method
152
What is the definition of a variable?
Anything that can be numerically measured
153
What is the definition of coefficient of correlation?
The strength and direction of a relationship between two variables
154
What is quantitative measures also known as?
Also known as quantitative variable
155
What does quantitative measures do?
They are capable of being expressed as numerically
156
What can the coefficient of correlation range from?
-1 to positive one
157
What happens if the coefficient of correlation comes out to be zero?
There is zero relation of the variables
158
Are negative one and positive one equal strength
Yes
159
Is .65 a strong connection why?
Yes. Because the closer you get to negative one or positive one, the stronger the correlation is
160
What does a positive correlation mean?
Both variables are moving in the same direction
161
If the number of hours of sleep increases and grades are increasing. What is that an example of?
Positive correlation
162
If the number of hours of sleep decreases and grades are decreasing, what is that an example of?
Positive correlation
163
What does a negative correlation mean?
The variables are moving in opposite directions
164
Correlation does not mean causation because of what?
There is no manipulation of the variables
165
What does quantitative analysis measure?
It measures an interprets human behavior through numerical data
166
What is quantitative analysis used on?
Surveys and test results
167
The most commonly occurring value in a distribution is called what?
The mode
168
The middle value in a distribution when the values are arranged in order is called?
The median
169
The sum of the values divided by the number of values is called what
The mean
170
The measure of distance scores vary from the mean is called what?
Standard deviation
171
Distance between the lowest and highest score in a data set is called what?
The range
172
A method to decide if research results are real and trustworthy is called what
Statistical significance
173
A statistical measure that represents the value that represents the value of the distribution ( mean median mode) Is called what?
Central tendency
174
Percentage of individuals that scored at or below a specific score on a test is called what?
Percentile rank
175
A type of distribution consisting of two distant peaks is called what?
Bimodal distribution
176
A conversation between researchers and participants after a study is called what?
Debriefing
177
What do formal experiments do?
They manipulate the variables, and they are designed to determine cause and effects of a relationship
178
What was Jean-piene Leynes known for?
He conducted a study to see if viewing violent films will cause violent behavior
179
what did Jean-piene Leynes do for the experiment?
He chose boys that were in Juvie. He put them on one team that watched violent films, and the other team did not watch violent films.
180
What was Wendy Josephson known for?
She was known for replicating that same study, but she chose hockey boys instead
181
What was the result of both studies of the violent films experiment?
Both studies found that viewing violent films has a correlation and it does affect them
182
What was an error in the violet films experiment?
They only used boys and no one else
183
What is the first step in conducting a formal experiment?
Determine the variables
184
What are Two variables that need to be in an experiment?
A independent and a dependent variable
185
What is a independent variable?
The researcher controls the amount and who is exposed
186
What is a dependent variable?
The behavior that is expected due to an exposure of the independent variable
187
What are you looking for in an experiment?
The dependent variable, the variable that is measured in an experimental research
188
What is the second step of conducting a formal experiment?
start with a population then pick a sample
189
What is the third step in conducting a formal experiment?
assign them to groups to either the experimental or control group
190
What is a experimental group?
It is the test group and it receives some Amount of the independent variable
191
What is the control group?
It is the compensation group it is not exposed to the independent variable.
192
What is the definition of a placebo effect?
False variables in the experiment that a change in behavior is produced
193
What is the definition of reducing bias?
It is ways of designing a formal experiment
194
What is the blind formal experiment?
When a researcher who measures the dependent variable does not know which participants are in the experimental group or in the control group
195
What is the double blind experiment?
The participants are unaware of which groups they were in
196
What experiment is used more of the double blind or the experiment?
The double blind experiment
197
What is the definition of confounding variables?
Factors other than the independent variable may cause a result
198
A study is conducted on drinking caffeine and heart disease. It appears that drinking caffeine has an effect but then you find out more coffee. Drinkers have a smoking habit that leads to heart disease. What is this an example of?
Confounding variables
199
What is the nervous system?
It is a complex system of communication
200
What is the nervous system made up of?
It is made up of the brain, spinal cord and everything else throughout the body
201
What is the definition of genetics?
They study of heredity
202
What is the definition of a genotype?
The complete genetic material it is our unique DNA
203
What is the definition of a phenotype?
The observable characteristics
204
The molecules that contain genetic information is called what?
DNA
205
The package of DNA is called what?
Chromosomes
206
What are recessive Genes?
Genes that are from both parents
207
What are the glial cells referred to as?
They are referred to as the glue of the nervous system
208
What do the glial cells do?
They hold the neurons in place
209
Neurons are not what
They are not nerves
210
What are neurons?
They are individual nerve cells
211
What do neurons do?
They communicate to one another in order to send messages throughout the nervous system
212
Nerves do notexist in what?
In the brain
213
What do nerves do?
They intensify their message
214
What is depolarization?
There is a change of the charge within a cell
215
What does refractory mean?
It means stress after a neuron is fire. It is difficult momentarily to produce another action potential.
216
What does reuptake mean?
It is the absorption of the chemicals after they have passed through the synapses
217
Describe what resting potential is
It is when there is an available charge when not sending signals
218
What does threshold mean?
It means it is the minimum amount of stimulus needed for action potential to occur
219
What is the cell body?
It is the central part of the cell
220
What does the cell body do?
It produces energy that feels the cell
221
What are dendrites?
They are small branches that extend out from the cell body
222
What does dendrites do?
They receive messages from other neurons and send those messages to the cell body
223
What is an axon?
It is an extension of the cell body
224
What does the axon do?
It carries messages away from the cell body
225
Where are terminal buttons located?
They are located at the tip of the axon
226
What does terminal button do?
They activate and contain chemicals called neurotransmitters
227
What is the Milan sheath?
It is the covering of the axon
228
What does the Milan sheath do?
As it develops over time, it speed runs the Messages faster through a neuron
229
What does a neural transmission do?
It is the transmission of a message from one end of a neuron to the other end of the neuron
230
Describe the flow chart of the neural transmission
Neural transition – dendrite – cell body – axon
231
Describe the all or more principle
Once an action potential occurs, the message will continue with the same intensity and with stand interpretation throughout the neuron
232
What is the synaptic transmitter?
It is the transmission of a message from one neuron to the next neuron that message needs to go to the synaptic gap
233
Describe a flow chart of the synaptic transmission
Axon crosses the synaptic gap to the dendrites of the next neuron
234
What are neurotransmitters?
They are the chemicals of the nervous system
235
What happens when a message reaches the neurotransmitter?
It is released and they carry chemicals along the synaptic gap
236
What is the synaptic vesicle?
They are pouches that store the neurotransmitters
237
What does a synaptic vesicle do?
They release the chemical to begin the synaptic cycle
238
What does acetylcholine do?
It tracks the bodies, large muscles
239
What does acetylcholine have in effect on?
Are muscle movements
240
What does acetylcholine play a role in?
Play a rolein awake fullness
241
What does dopamine control?
The muscle movements
242
What does dopamine play a role in?
Pleasure and reward systems if they are stimulated by certain drugs
243
What is dopamine linked With?
Schizophrenia and ADHD
244
What is serotonin?
The regulation of sleep cycles
245
What is serotonin associated with?
Anxiety and depression
246
What most likely occurs with people that have depression?
The action of serotonin is not working
247
What does norepinephrine play a role in
Attention and alertness
248
When would norepinephrine be released?
If there was a danger in your environment
249
What does glutamate do?
It keeps the brain healthy over the lifespan
250
What is GABA?
an inhibitory control
251
What does GABA do?
It slows down the activity of the nervous system. It calms the nervous system down.
252
What does endorphins do?
They improve mood and stress relief
253
What does substance P do?
It is the chemical that allows us to feel pain
254
What does the central nervous system contain?
The brain and the spinal cord
255
What does the central nervous system do?
It gets messages to the body and receives messages from the rest of the body
256
What is the spinal cord trying to do in the central nervous system?
It is trying to get messages from the brain to the body
257
What does the spinal reflexes do?
The spinal cord makes the initial interpretation of the message without sending it to the brain. It is a sign of healthy nervous system.
258
What is an example of spinal reflexes?
The knee jerk reflex
259
What do afferent neurons do?
They transmit messages from the body to the entire nervous system
260
What is another name for afferent neurons?
cynato sensory neurons
261
What do efferent neurons do?
They send messages from the central nervous system to the body
262
What are afferent neurons also called?
Motor neurons
263
What is the peripheral nervous system responsible for?
It is responsible for sending messages to the central nervous system from the central nervous system
264
What does the somatic nervous system do?
It carries sensory messages to and from the central nervous system example warm and cold
265
What does the automatic a nervous system do?
Regulates the bodies, vital function, example, breathing and heartbeat
266
What is the automatic nervous system associated with?
It is also associated with emotions that is why psychologist are most interested in that system
267
What is the sympathetic nervous system also referred to as?
The fight of flight system
268
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
It increases the viral functions in order for us to respond to stress or threaten our environment
269
When you experience increased heartbeat and blood pressure, your lungs will open up to take in more air, and your muscles will tense up as an example of what type of nervous system?
The sympathetic nervous system
270
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
It reduces vitals so it decreases vital functioning, and it will swoop into action to reduce those vitals to regulate them
271
Why is it important for the parasympathetic nervous system to function?
Because if you are constantly in the firelight stage, your body is going to break down your immune system and it will break down resulting in a heart attack or passing out
272
If you go on a jog, you’re sympathetic nervous system will activate and as you begin to notice that your parasympathetic nervous system is some sort of calming system. Most of the time we are not under stress so during times of non-stress what does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
It is building up energy so when it happens, you have the energy if you are constantly under stress, the system will run out of energy so it will not regulate and then the immune system system is compromised
273
What does Electroencephalogram(EEG) do?
Record the electrical activity of the brain
274
What are electrodes?
They are placed in the scalp and they monitor and record the electrical activity and then they feed that to an electric computer screen and it shows the different areas of the brain not active and different situations are under different circumstances
275
What is the EEG beneficial in?
Diagnosing, seizure disorder, and learning more about sleep
276
What does the position mission tomography do?
It takes pictures of the brain, then in psychological research, the pet scan has been used more than anything else to show the effects of drugs and how drugs affects your brain
277
Why is the pet scan used last often?
It is useless often because it has more radiation that is necessary, so it is not the safest
278
What is used instead of the PET scan?
An MRI
279
What is an MRI?
It is a more advanced imaging technique of the brain
280
What does MRI stand for?
Stands for magnetic residence imaging
281
What does an MRI do?
It detect magnetic activity within the cell and by doing so is able to create very detailed images of the anatomy of the brain
282
What does a functional MRI do?
It is able to detect oxygen and blood flow within the brain
283
What portion is the hind brain found in?
The lowest portion
284
Where is the Hind brain found in
It is found where the spinal cord connects to the brain stem
285
What is the Hind brain referred to as?
The housekeeping section of the brain
286
What does the housekeeping section mean?
It means that it keeps the body working properly
287
What is hind brain very much involved in
The automatic function
288
What are the three major parts of the hind brain?
The Mandela, the ponds and the cerebellum
289
The medulla is also referred to as what?
The brain stem
290
Where is the medulla found in?
Swelling just above the spinal cord
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What is the medulla associated with?
The regulation of breathing and the regulation of the heart
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What is the medulla also called?
The reflective behaviors of the body
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Where is the pons located at?
It is just above the medulla
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What is the ponds associated with?
It is associated with the parasympathetic functions
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What does the pons play a big role in?
In decreasing the vitals and slowly regulating them down to normal levels
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What does the ponds allow us to be?
It allows us to be alert or not so alert
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What is the cerebellum associated with?
It is associated with coordination of muscle movements
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What does the cerebellum allow us to do?
It allows us to walk smoothly and engage in physical activities without us thinking about it
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When individuals consume alcohol, it affects the What?
The cerebellum
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When someone is driving under the influence and gets pulled over, you have to do a sobriety test meeting, walking in a straight line because the alcohol it is affecting your what?
Cerebellum
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What is the reticular formation?
It is a set of neurons located and behind brain
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What does the reticular formation spanned from?
It spans from the pons down to the medulla
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The set of neurons are active then you feel awake and feel alert throughout the day. They will become less active and feel tired. The neurons will charge when you’re asleep and severe damage will lead to a coma. What is this an example of?
The reticular formation
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Where is the midbrain located at?
It is located above the ponds and the cerebellum
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What does the mid brain serve as?
It serves as a reflex center for the eyes and the ears
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What does the mid brain do?
It processes, visual, and auditory information to some degree
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If you were walking down the hall and you heard somebody shout out your name what would the midbrain do?
It will quickly process that and it will identify where the sound came from so you can turn around and you can focus on that
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What is the mid brain help with?
It helps with the orientation of the eyes and ears to stimulate in your environment
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What is the forebrain
It is where everything happens and it is the largest structure of the brain and makes up 70% of the entire brain
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What is the forebrain involved in?
Banking
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The forebrain is where what occurs
The cognition occurs
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What is process in the fore brain?
Emotions
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The forebrain is where the final translation of what occurs?
Any messages consciously message makes it way too
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What are the two areas that psychologist look at in the fore brain?
The upper and the lower fore brain
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What does the lower fore brain consist of?
The thalamus
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What is the thalamus?
It is a relay station for sensory messages
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Why does the thalamus have to be functioning?
Because at any given time, there are thousands of century messages that are sent to the brain
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What does the thalamus receive?
It receives sensory messages so it detects those messages to other areas of the brain for analysis and interpretation and response
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What does the thalamus serve as?
A filtering station
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Without filtering, what will our brain do?
It will be overwhelmed with sensory data because it determines what sensory information is important and what is not, and it says to the conscious brain for reaction
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Where is the hypothalamus located in the fore brain?
It is located below the thalamus
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What is the hypothalamus associated with?
It is associated with motives, and it has the motivational center of the brain
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What does the hypothalamus do?
It analyzes different aspects of your nervous system in order to initiate the hunger drive
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What does the hypothalamus regulate?
It regulates your body temperature and it works closely with the immune system
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What does the hypothalamus play a key role in?
And the resistance to disease and the resistance to illness by coordinating with the immune system
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What system does the hypothalamus regulate?
The endocrine system
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What does the Lymbic system play a big role in the forebrain?
A place that a role in memory and intense emotional experiences
328
What is the amygdala?
It is the aggressive center of the brain and is very active
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What is the amygdala?
It is the aggressive center of the brain and is very active
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What does the amygdala play a big role in?
It plays a big role in processing information in our environment that needs aggression
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What does the amygdala do?
It allows us to recognize the emotions of others
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What is the hippocampus associated with?
It is associated with memory
333
What does the hippocampus do?
It allows us to form new memories. This is where long-term memories are formed.
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People with Alzheimer’s can remember things from years ago, but not five minutes ago why is that?
Because of the hippocampus
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What is the septal area?
It is the process of adding thought to our emotions
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What does the Septal area connect?
It connect cognitive, thinking with our emotions and it connects the limbic system to the frontal lope
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What is the cingulate context refer to
It refers to as the no/ no go system
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What is the longest structure of the fore brain?
The cerebral cortex
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The cerebral cortex is the place of what?
The place of final translation
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What is the intelligence center of the brain the center of our conscious the language center and puts us into voluntary action
The cerebral cortex
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The frontal lobes is a part of the brain is associated with what?
It is associated with thinking planning, organized, thought process speak, and voluntary movement
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The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that does what
Thinks
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The frontal of processors store what
Short term, memories
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Many believe that the frontal lobes is where what happens?
It is where the personality is centered
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Where is the Brock’s area found in?
Only found in the left frontal lobe
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The Broca’s area is the part of the brain that allows us to do what?
Generate speech
347
What is expressive Anafascia?
It is the permanent and ability to generate spoken language
348
Where is the motor cortex found in?
The rear part of the frontal lobes
349
What does the motor cortex do?
It receives messages from other parts of the brain
350
What does the parietal lobes do?
They process information from the skin as the sensory messages are sent to the brain
