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unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave?

A

A disturbance that transfers energy without permanent displacement

Waves can be classified into different types based on their characteristics.

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2
Q

Define crest.

A

Highest point in the wave

The crest is crucial in understanding wave properties.

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3
Q

Define trough.

A

Lowest point in the wave

The trough is the counterpart to the crest.

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4
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The height of a crest or depth of a trough, measured from rest position

A larger amplitude indicates more energy in the wave.

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5
Q

What is wavelength?

A

Distance from crest to crest or trough to trough

Wavelength is a key factor in determining the properties of a wave.

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6
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of oscillations (up and down movements) in a given time

Frequency is typically measured in Hertz (Hz).

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7
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

A

As wavelength increases, frequency decreases (inverse relationship)

This relationship is fundamental in wave mechanics.

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8
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Waves where electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other

Common examples include light waves.

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9
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Waves where matter moves back and forth

Sound waves are a primary example of longitudinal waves.

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10
Q

What are mechanical waves?

A

Waves that move through matter

Mechanical waves require a medium to propagate.

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11
Q

What are electromagnetic waves?

A

Waves that move through empty space

Electromagnetic waves include visible light, radio waves, and X-rays.

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12
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

A range of all types of electromagnetic radiation

The spectrum includes various forms of radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: Short wavelength, _______ energy.

A

high

High-energy radiation can be more harmful than low-energy radiation.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Long wavelength, _______ energy.

A

low

Low-energy radiation is generally less harmful.

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15
Q

What are ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?

A

Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms; non-ionizing radiation does not

This distinction is crucial in fields such as health physics.

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16
Q

What is the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Radiowave

Radiowaves allow us to watch TV.

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17
Q

What is the primary use of microwaves?

A

Transfer energy to your food

Microwaves heat food.

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18
Q

What do we feel as heat that is used in heaters?

A

Infrared

Infrared radiation is often used in heating applications.

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19
Q

What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible light?

A

Only part of the spectrum we can see

Visible light is the portion of the spectrum visible to the human eye.

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20
Q

What type of light is invisible, has a short wavelength, and can cause sunburns?

A

Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet light is harmful and can lead to skin damage.

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21
Q

What allows us to see bones in our bodies?

A

X-ray

X-rays are commonly used in medical imaging.

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22
Q

What has the shortest wavelength and is used to treat some cancers?

A

Gamma rays

Gamma rays are the most dangerous form of electromagnetic radiation.

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23
Q

What happens to light when it passes through a prism?

A

It is refracted

A prism slows down white light and bends it.

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24
Q

What are the three primary colors of light?

A

Red, Blue, Green

These colors can be mixed to create secondary colors.

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25
Fill in the blank: Mixing Red and Green creates _______.
Yellow ## Footnote This occurs because blue light is absorbed.
26
Fill in the blank: Mixing Red and Blue creates _______.
Magenta ## Footnote Magenta is a secondary color resulting from this mix.
27
Fill in the blank: Mixing Blue and Green creates _______.
Cyan ## Footnote Cyan is another secondary color from primary mixes.
28
What is the outcome when all primary colors of light are mixed?
White ## Footnote Mixing all primary and secondary colors of light results in white.
29
What are the interactions of light?
* Reflect * Refract * Diffract * Absorb ## Footnote These interactions describe how light behaves when it encounters different materials.
30
What is the primary colour of subtractive colour theory?
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow ## Footnote These colours apply to pigments and dyes.
31
What is the result of combining Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow in subtractive colour theory?
Black ## Footnote This combination is a key concept in subtractive colour mixing.
32
What are the secondary colours formed by combining primary colours in subtractive colour theory?
* Cyan + Magenta = Blue * Magenta + Yellow = Red * Yellow + Cyan = Green ## Footnote These secondary colours arise from mixing the primary colours.
33
How do we see colour?
Light reflection and absorption ## Footnote This process explains the perception of colours.
34
True or False: The primary colours of subtractive colour theory are Red, Green, and Blue.
False ## Footnote The correct primary colours are Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow.
35
Fill in the blank: In subtractive colour theory, Cyan + Magenta + Yellow = _______.
Black ## Footnote This is a fundamental principle in colour mixing.
36
What is the definition of transparent materials?
Materials that allow light to pass through clearly, enabling objects on the other side to be seen clearly ## Footnote Examples include clear glass and clean water.
37
What is the definition of opaque materials?
Materials that do not allow light to pass through, making it impossible to see objects behind them ## Footnote Examples include wood and metal.
38
What is the definition of translucent materials?
Materials that let light pass through but do not allow objects on the other side to be seen clearly ## Footnote Examples include frosted glass and wax paper.
39
What happens to light when it is reflected?
Light bounces off an object ## Footnote This is a common behavior of light when it encounters shiny surfaces.
40
What occurs when light is absorbed?
Light is taken in by an object ## Footnote Dark-colored materials often absorb more light than lighter colors.
41
What does it mean for light to be transmitted?
Light goes through an object ## Footnote This is typical behavior for transparent materials.
42
Fill in the blank: Materials are described as either ________, opaque, or translucent.
transparent
43
Which of the following describes light behavior: reflected, absorbed, transmitted?
All of the above ## Footnote These are the primary behaviors of light when interacting with materials.
44
What is the phenomenon when light changes direction as it passes through a medium?
Refraction ## Footnote This occurs due to a change in the speed of light in different materials.
45
What is scattering in terms of light behavior?
Light is dispersed in various directions ## Footnote This can occur when light hits small particles in the air or a medium.
46
What is light?
Light is a form of energy that we can see. ## Footnote Light can be natural or artificial.
47
What is visible light composed of?
Visible light is composed of electromagnetic waves. ## Footnote These waves move through empty space.
48
What can happen to electromagnetic waves?
Electromagnetic waves can be: * Absorbed * Reflected * Transmitted
49
What is required for our ability to see objects?
Our ability to see objects is the result of the complex interaction of light, our eyes, and our brains.
50
What are luminous objects?
Luminous objects are objects that generate their own light. ## Footnote Examples include the sun, organisms, and candles.
51
What are nonluminous objects?
Nonluminous objects are unable to generate their own light but can reflect light to our eyes. ## Footnote Example includes the moon.
52
What is regular reflection?
Occurs when light reflects off a smooth surface and light rays remain parallel ## Footnote Example: mirror
53
What is diffuse reflection?
Occurs when light reflects off a rough surface and light rays are scattered in many directions ## Footnote Example: paper
54
What does the law of reflection state?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
55
What are the three components involved in the law of reflection?
* Incident ray * Normal * Reflected ray
56
Fill in the blank: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of _______.
reflection
57
True or False: In regular reflection, light rays after reflection remain parallel.
True
58
True or False: In diffuse reflection, light rays are scattered in many directions.
True
59
Incident Ray
Incoming ray of light, directed towards minner
60
Reflected Ray
outgoing ray of light, bounces off mirror
61
Point of incident
Point of incident ray strikes the mirror
62
The normal
imaginary line drawn perpendicular to mirror surface
63
Angle of incidence
Angle formed between the normal and the incident ray
64
Angle of reflection
angle formed between the normal and the reflected rate
65
Incandecence
Light created from heating ex: Cande
66
Bioluminescence
Light created by living organisms ex: Firefly
67
Chemiluminescence
Light created from chemical reaction ex: glow stick
68
Organic light
Made with thin layers of organic molecules ex: OLED
69
Phosphorescence
As phosphore glows it emit visible light ex: glow star
70
Tribolummescence
Light created by friction ex: lifesaver
71
Flurensence
Light created from high voltage electricity ex: lightning
72
Light -emitting diode
Uses electroluminessence which is the transformation of electrical energy directly into light energy ex: Phones

Optics (2 decks)

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