unit 1 Flashcards
(230 cards)
1
Q
What is the primary focus of Unit 1 in WJEC Medical Science?
A
The primary focus is on understanding the structure and function of the human body.
2
Q
True or False: The heart is part of the circulatory system.
A
True
3
Q
Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
A
circulatory
4
Q
What is the function of the respiratory system?
A
To facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.
5
Q
Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood?
A
The kidneys
6
Q
Multiple Choice: What type of muscle is found in the heart? A) Skeletal B) Smooth C) Cardiac
A
C) Cardiac
7
Q
What are the two main types of blood circulation in the body?
A
Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.
8
Q
True or False: The liver produces bile.
A
True
9
Q
Fill in the blank: The ______ system helps to defend the body against infection.
A
immune
10
Q
What is homeostasis?
A
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
11
Q
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem
A
B) Cerebellum
12
Q
What are neurons?
A
The basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit signals.
13
Q
True or False: The skin is the largest organ of the human body.
A
True
14
Q
Fill in the blank: The ______ system regulates hormones in the body.
A
endocrine
15
Q
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A
To transport oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
16
Q
Multiple Choice: Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light? A) Retina B) Lens C) Cornea
A
B) Lens
17
Q
What is the role of platelets in the body?
A
To aid in blood clotting.
18
Q
True or False: The pancreas produces insulin.
A
True
19
Q
Fill in the blank: The ______ is responsible for absorbing nutrients in the digestive system.
A
small intestine
20
Q
What type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
A
Ball-and-socket joint.
21
Q
Multiple Choice: Which organ is part of the digestive system? A) Heart B) Stomach C) Lung
A
B) Stomach
22
Q
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
A
To provide structure and support to the body.
23
Q
True or False: The body has 206 bones in adulthood.
A
True
24
Q
Fill in the blank: The ______ system is involved in movement and locomotion.
A
muscular
25
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
To regulate body temperature and maintain homeostasis.
26
Multiple Choice: Which type of tissue connects muscles to bones? A) Epithelial B) Connective C) Nervous
B) Connective
27
What are the two main types of cells found in the nervous system?
Neurons and glial cells.
28
True or False: The large intestine is responsible for water absorption.
True
29
Fill in the blank: The ______ circulatory system carries blood away from the heart.
arterial
30
What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?
To facilitate gas exchange with the blood.
31
Multiple Choice: Which structure helps to protect the brain? A) Skull B) Spine C) Rib cage
A) Skull
32
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
To transport lymph and help in immune responses.
33
True or False: The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin.
True
34
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy.
mitochondria
35
What is the role of the cerebrum?
To control higher brain functions, including thought and action.
36
Multiple Choice: Which organ is part of the excretory system? A) Liver B) Kidney C) Heart
B) Kidney
37
What is the function of synovial fluid?
To lubricate joints and reduce friction.
38
True or False: Hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream.
True
39
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the main organ of the circulatory system.
heart
40
What is the primary role of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
41
Multiple Choice: Which type of muscle is involuntary? A) Cardiac B) Skeletal C) Both A and B
A) Cardiac
42
What is the role of the myelin sheath?
To insulate nerve fibers and speed up signal transmission.
43
True or False: The pH of blood is typically around 7.4.
True
44
Fill in the blank: The ______ connects muscles to bones.
tendons
45
What is the function of the gallbladder?
To store and concentrate bile.
46
Multiple Choice: Which part of the neuron receives signals? A) Axon B) Dendrite C) Synapse
B) Dendrite
47
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
To protect the body and regulate temperature.
48
True or False: The small intestine is longer than the large intestine.
True
49
Fill in the blank: The ______ system includes glands that secrete hormones.
endocrine
50
What is the role of the thyroid gland?
To regulate metabolism.
51
Multiple Choice: Which part of the circulatory system carries oxygenated blood? A) Veins B) Arteries C) Capillaries
B) Arteries
52
What is the primary function of the spleen?
To filter blood and support the immune system.
53
True or False: The diaphragm is involved in breathing.
True
54
Fill in the blank: The ______ system works to provide movement to the body.
muscular
55
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
To control other endocrine glands and regulate various bodily functions.
56
Multiple Choice: Which structure is responsible for balance? A) Cochlea B) Vestibular system C) Cornea
B) Vestibular system
57
What is the main function of the urinary system?
To eliminate waste and regulate water balance.
58
True or False: Blood is classified as a connective tissue.
True
59
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the site of gas exchange in the lungs.
alveoli
60
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
To produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol.
61
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain controls involuntary functions? A) Cerebellum B) Medulla Oblongata C) Cerebrum
B) Medulla Oblongata
62
What is the role of the corpus callosum?
To connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
63
True or False: The forebrain is responsible for processing sensory information.
True
64
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
axon
65
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate breathing and gas exchange.
66
Multiple Choice: Which organ is involved in detoxification? A) Stomach B) Liver C) Heart
B) Liver
67
What is the role of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation?
To detect changes in body temperature and initiate responses to maintain homeostasis.
68
True or False: The cerebellum is involved in muscle coordination.
True
69
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the basic functional unit of the kidney.
nephron
70
What is the function of the skin?
To protect the body, regulate temperature, and provide sensory information.
71
Multiple Choice: Which type of joint allows for rotational movement? A) Hinge B) Pivot C) Ball-and-socket
B) Pivot
72
What is the primary role of the gallbladder?
To store bile produced by the liver.
73
True or False: The endocrine system is responsible for long-term regulation of bodily functions.
True
74
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the main site of nutrient absorption in the digestive tract.
small intestine
75
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
To transport blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
76
Multiple Choice: Which type of muscle is striated and voluntary? A) Smooth B) Skeletal C) Cardiac
B) Skeletal
77
What is the role of the immune system?
To protect the body from infections and diseases.
78
True or False: The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
True
79
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the network of blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle.
coronary circulation
80
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To maintain fluid balance and support immune function.
81
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
82
True or False: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
True
83
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells divide to form new cells is called __________.
Mitosis
84
What is the function of the mitochondria?
To produce energy in the form of ATP.
85
Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification in the body?
Liver
86
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.
87
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue? A) Bone B) Blood C) Muscle D) Cartilage
C) Muscle
88
What is the primary role of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen throughout the body.
89
True or False: The heart is part of the endocrine system.
False
90
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells.
Circulatory
91
What type of joint allows for rotational movement?
Ball-and-socket joint
92
Multiple Choice: Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels? A) Insulin B) Adrenaline C) Thyroxine D) Estrogen
A) Insulin
93
What is the function of the nervous system?
To transmit signals between different parts of the body.
94
True or False: The human body has 206 bones.
True
95
Fill in the blank: __________ are responsible for the immune response in the body.
Lymphocytes
96
What is the role of enzymes in the body?
To catalyze biochemical reactions.
97
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the skin? A) Protection B) Sensation C) Temperature regulation D) All of the above
D) All of the above
98
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.
99
True or False: The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
True
100
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for producing hormones.
Endocrine
101
What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
102
Multiple Choice: Which vitamin is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B12 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin D
103
What is the role of the kidneys?
To filter waste from the blood and produce urine.
104
True or False: The small intestine is longer than the large intestine.
True
105
Fill in the blank: __________ are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses.
Neurons
106
What is the function of the immune system?
To protect the body against infections and diseases.
107
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination and balance? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem D) Hippocampus
B) Cerebellum
108
What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
109
True or False: Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.
True
110
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
Neuron
111
What is the main function of platelets?
To aid in blood clotting.
112
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? A) Support B) Movement C) Blood cell production D) All of the above
D) All of the above
113
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
To regulate body temperature and maintain homeostasis.
114
True or False: The lungs are part of the digestive system.
False
115
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions.
Cerebrum
116
What is the primary purpose of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
117
Multiple Choice: Which type of muscle is involuntary? A) Skeletal B) Cardiac C) Smooth D) Both B and C
D) Both B and C
118
What is the role of the thymus gland?
To produce T-cells for the immune system.
119
True or False: The stomach is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.
False
120
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the functional unit of the kidney.
Nephron
121
What is the function of the gallbladder?
To store and concentrate bile.
122
Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? A) Veins B) Arteries C) Capillaries D) None of the above
B) Arteries
123
What is the primary function of the spleen?
To filter blood and recycle iron.
124
True or False: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin.
True
125
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of gas exchange in the lungs.
Alveoli
126
What is the primary purpose of the endocrine system?
To regulate bodily functions through hormones.
127
Multiple Choice: Which organ is responsible for producing bile? A) Gallbladder B) Liver C) Pancreas D) Stomach
B) Liver
128
What is the role of insulin?
To lower blood glucose levels.
129
True or False: The large intestine is where most nutrient absorption occurs.
False
130
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the main part of the brain that controls voluntary movements.
Cerebellum
131
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
To produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol.
132
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A) Detoxification B) Blood clotting C) Hormone production D) Digestion
D) Digestion
133
What is the primary role of antibodies?
To identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
134
True or False: The human body contains both smooth and striated muscle tissue.
True
135
Fill in the blank: The __________ connects muscles to bones.
Tendon
136
What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.
137
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? A) Fluid balance B) Fat absorption C) Immune response D) All of the above
D) All of the above
138
What is the role of the medulla oblongata?
To regulate vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.
139
True or False: The cornea is the outer layer of the eye.
True
140
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the eye that detects light.
Retina
141
What is the function of the auditory system?
To process sound.
142
Multiple Choice: Which type of cells are responsible for transmitting signals in the nervous system? A) Erythrocytes B) Neurons C) Myocytes D) Adipocytes
B) Neurons
143
What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
To regulate the pituitary gland.
144
True or False: The gallbladder produces bile.
False
145
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for the sensory perception of touch.
Skin
146
What is the function of the cerebellum?
To coordinate voluntary movements and balance.
147
Multiple Choice: Which type of immunity is acquired through vaccination? A) Innate B) Adaptive C) Passive D) Natural
B) Adaptive
148
What is the role of the ribosomes?
To synthesize proteins.
149
True or False: The large intestine absorbs most of the water from digested food.
True
150
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the outer layer of the heart.
Pericardium
151
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
To regulate metabolism.
152
153
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
154
True or False: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
True.
155
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose is called __________.
cellular respiration.
156
What organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood?
The kidneys.
157
What is the function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen throughout the body.
158
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue? A) Bone B) Blood C) Muscle D) Cartilage
C) Muscle.
159
What is the role of the ribosomes in a cell?
To synthesize proteins.
160
True or False: The heart is part of the endocrine system.
False.
161
Name the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.
Photosynthesis.
162
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries.
163
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for producing hormones.
endocrine.
164
Multiple Choice: Which of the following components is found in all cells? A) Nucleus B) Chloroplast C) Cell wall D) Mitochondria
A) Nucleus.
165
What is the primary role of the immune system?
To defend against pathogens.
166
True or False: The liver detoxifies harmful substances in the body.
True.
167
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
168
Fill in the blank: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit __________.
nerve impulses.
169
What is the function of the lungs?
To facilitate gas exchange.
170
Multiple Choice: Which organ is part of both the digestive and endocrine system? A) Pancreas B) Stomach C) Intestine D) Liver
A) Pancreas.
171
What is the role of platelets in the blood?
To aid in blood clotting.
172
True or False: The skeletal system provides support and protection for the body.
True.
173
What is the main function of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients from food.
174
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for regulating body temperature.
hypothalamus.
175
Multiple Choice: Which type of muscle is involuntary? A) Skeletal B) Cardiac C) Smooth D) Both B and C
D) Both B and C.
176
What are antibodies?
Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.
177
True or False: All cells in the human body have the same DNA.
True.
178
What is the largest organ in the human body?
The skin.
179
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells.
circulatory.
180
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A) Producing bile B) Storing glucose C) Producing insulin D) Detoxifying blood
C) Producing insulin.
181
What is the main function of the kidneys?
To filter waste products from the blood.
182
True or False: The brain is part of the central nervous system.
True.
183
What is the main purpose of the digestive system?
To break down food for nutrient absorption.
184
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.
esophagus.
185
Multiple Choice: Which organ is primarily involved in regulating blood sugar levels? A) Liver B) Heart C) Lungs D) Kidneys
A) Liver.
186
What is the primary function of the pancreas?
To produce digestive enzymes and hormones.
187
True or False: The human body has 206 bones.
True.
188
What is the function of the gallbladder?
To store and concentrate bile.
189
Fill in the blank: The __________ system includes glands that secrete hormones.
endocrine.
190
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination and balance? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem D) Thalamus
B) Cerebellum.
191
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
To regulate homeostasis and control the pituitary gland.
192
True or False: The heart has four chambers.
True.
193
What is the primary function of the epidermis?
To protect the underlying tissues.
194
Fill in the blank: The __________ circulatory system carries blood between the heart and lungs.
pulmonary.
195
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? A) Producing blood cells B) Storing minerals C) Providing structure D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
196
What is the main function of the large intestine?
To absorb water and form waste.
197
True or False: The skin is the largest organ of the human body.
True.
198
What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?
Neurons and glial cells.
199
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the brain that controls involuntary actions.
brainstem.
200
Multiple Choice: Which type of blood is called the universal donor? A) A B) B C) AB D) O
D) O.
201
What is the role of the lymphatic system?
To transport lymph and help in immune responses.
202
True or False: The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid digestion.
True.
203
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
To produce hormones like adrenaline.
204
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a flexible structure that connects muscles to bones.
tendon.
205
Multiple Choice: Which blood type can receive blood from all other types? A) A B) B C) AB D) O
C) AB.
206
What is the primary role of the cerebrum?
To process sensory information and coordinate voluntary movements.
207
True or False: The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
True.
208
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
To insulate nerve fibers and speed up signal transmission.
209
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions.
cerebrum.
210
Multiple Choice: Which organ is responsible for producing insulin? A) Liver B) Pancreas C) Stomach D) Kidneys
B) Pancreas.
211
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate breathing and gas exchange.
212
True or False: The spleen is involved in the immune response.
True.
213
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?
To regulate body temperature and hunger.
214
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the largest part of the brain.
cerebrum.
215
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) Regulating blood pressure B) Producing urine C) Filtering blood D) Producing bile
D) Producing bile.
216
What is the role of the trachea?
To transport air to and from the lungs.
217
True or False: The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
True.
218
What is the primary function of the skeletal muscle?
To facilitate voluntary movement.
219
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is involved in the body's response to stress.
nervous.
220
Multiple Choice: Which type of cell is responsible for the immune response? A) Erythrocytes B) Thrombocytes C) Leukocytes D) Neurons
C) Leukocytes.
221
What is the function of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients from digested food.
222
True or False: The human heart has three chambers.
False.
223
What is the role of the gallbladder?
To store bile produced by the liver.
224
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the outermost layer of the skin.
epidermis.
225
Multiple Choice: Which of the following hormones regulates metabolism? A) Insulin B) Cortisol C) Thyroid hormone D) Adrenaline
C) Thyroid hormone.
226
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
To transport blood and nutrients throughout the body.
227
True or False: The large intestine is responsible for absorbing most nutrients.
False.
228
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
To secrete hormones that regulate other glands.
229
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the brain that regulates balance and coordination.
cerebellum.
230
Multiple Choice: Which type of muscle is striated? A) Smooth B) Cardiac C) Skeletal D) Both B and C
D) Both B and C.
