Unit 1

Question 1

Name the zone of rapidly changing temperature with depth.

Answer 1

Thermocline

Question 2

Name the zone of rapidly changing salinity with depth.

Answer 2

Halocline

Question 3

Name the zone of rapidly changing density with depth.

Answer 3

Pycnocline

Question 4

This layer has sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis; its depth is usually 20-60 meters, rarely 100 meters.

Answer 4

Photic zone

Question 4

The relationship between temperature and density is…

Answer 4

Inverse

Question 5

This layer has insufficient light for photosynthesis and makes up most of ocean.

Answer 5

Aphotic zone

Question 6

The relationship between salinity and density is…

Answer 6

Directly related

Question 8

What is the % of the surface zone?

Answer 8

2%

Question 9

What is the % of the transition zone?

Answer 9

18%; except polar region

Question 10

What is the % of the deep ocean?

Answer 10

80%; except polar region

Question 11

Average depth of the ocean?

Answer 11

3800m

Question 12

Deepest depth of the ocean?

Answer 12

11000m

Question 13

What’s a term for ‘near shore’?

Answer 13

Nearitic

Question 14

What’s a term for ‘deep ocean’?

Answer 14

Pelagic

Question 15

These are light emitting pigments found in bioluminescence.

Answer 15

Luciferin

Question 16

This enzyme is found in bioluminescence.

Answer 16

Lucifrase

Question 17

What is the name for passive drifters?

Answer 17

Plankton

Question 18

These are a marine autotrophs that photosynthesize organic material from inorganic material.

Answer 18

Phytoplankton

Question 19

This type of phytoplankton has a silica (silicious) shell.

Answer 19

Diatoms

Question 20

This type of phytoplankton is made of calcium carbonate.

Answer 20

Coccolithophores

Question 21

These are marine heterotrophs that feed on organic material produced by others.

Answer 21

Zoo plankton

Question 22

This kind of organism produces organic material from inorganic material.

Answer 22

Autotroph

Question 23

This kind of organism feeds on organic material produced by others.

Answer 23

Heterotroph

Question 24

The name given to eggs, spores, and larvae of nektonic or benthic organisms.

Answer 24

Meroplankton

Question 25

What can actively swim around and eat other things for food?

Answer 25

Nekton

Question 26

What is the name given to bottom dwellers?

Answer 26

Benthos or benthic

Question 27

Name the three zones of the ocean.

Answer 27

Surface, transition and deep ocean

Question 28

What is located within the transition zone?

Answer 28

Thermocline, halocline and pycnocline

Question 29

What is the average salinity of the ocean?

Answer 29

3.5% or 35ppt

Question 30

Do the polar regions follow the same general guidelines of the ocean?

Answer 30

No, they're the opposite

Question 31

Name three examples of nektonic creatures.

Answer 31

Dolphin, whale, fish (pisces), shark, squid, octopus, sea horse, tuna, stingray

Question 32

Where do phytoplankton live?

Answer 32

Within the photic zone

Question 33

Where will you generally find zoo plankton?

Answer 33

The upper 1/3 of the ocean

Question 34

Name the two types of benthic feeders.

Answer 34

Filter/suspension and sediment

Question 35

Name two kinds of sediment feeders.

Answer 35

Worms, snails, sea cucumbers

Question 36

Name two kinds of filter feeders

Answer 36

Clams, corals, sponges, crinoids, barnacles

Question 37

What are the four divisions of benthic organisms?

Answer 37

Plants/kelp, filter feeders, sediment feeders and scavengers

Question 38

Name two kinds of benthic scavengers.

Answer 38

Crab, lobster, starfish, shrimp

Question 39

Give two examples of zoo plankton.

Answer 39

Jellyfish,

Question 40

This type of creature cannot regulate their internal temperature; cold blooded.

Answer 40

Poikilothermic

Question 41

This type of creature can regulate internal temperature; warm blooded.

Answer 41

Homoeothermic

Question 42

What are the controlling factors of density?

Answer 42

Temperature and salinity

Question 43

What are the three lifestyle requirements of nektonic organisms?

Answer 43

Neutral buoyancy, a propulsion system and senses

Question 44

What type of the fish is a good indicator of lifestyle?

Answer 44

The size and shape of their fin

Question 45

What are the two subdivisions of fish bone types?

Answer 45

Cartilaginous and bony

Question 46

What is a holdfast?

Answer 46

A root like system that rests on top of the ground

Question 47

Which zone are benthic essentially stuck in?

Answer 47

Photic

Question 48

These benthic organisms feed on plankton from seawater and are generally anchored to one spot for life.

Answer 48

Filter feeders

Question 49

What is a main function of a reef?

Answer 49

Modifies wave and current patterns, protects the shore from waves, induces upwelling

Question 50

What is the optimum temperature for a coral reef?

Answer 50

18C to 28C

Question 51

What is the optimum depth for a coral reef?

Answer 51

3 to 5 meters

Question 52

These benthic organisms scrape food off sedimentary particles.

Answer 52

Sediment feeders