UNIT 1

Question 1

What is SaaS in cloud computing?

Answer 1

Software as a Service – cloud-based applications (e.g. Google Docs, Microsoft 365)

Question 2

What is PaaS?

Answer 2

Platform as a Service – provides tools and frameworks for developers (e.g. Heroku)

Question 3

What is IaaS?

Answer 3

Infrastructure as a Service – virtual hardware like servers/storage (e.g. AWS EC2)

Question 4

Give one advantage of cloud computing.

Answer 4

Access from anywhere, scalable, automatic updates.

Question 5

One disadvantage of cloud computing?

Answer 5

Requires internet connection, potential privacy risks.

Question 6

What is a LAN?

Answer 6

Local Area Network – connects devices in a small area like a building.

Question 7

What device connects LANs to the internet?

Answer 7

Router

Question 8

What is a switch used for?

Answer 8

Connects devices in a LAN and directs data packets.

Question 9

What is a DNS?

Answer 9

Domain Name Server – translates domain names to IP addresses.

Question 10

What is a VPN?

Answer 10

A private encrypted connection through the public internet.

Question 11

What is bandwidth?

Answer 11

The maximum data transfer capacity of a connection (Mbps).

Question 12

What is latency?

Answer 12

The time it takes for data to travel (ping/response delay).

Question 13

Star topology – one advantage?

Answer 13

One device failure won’t affect the whole network.

Question 14

Mesh topology – one advantage?

Answer 14

Reliable – many paths for data.

Question 15

What is the purpose of a firewall?

Answer 15

To monitor and filter network traffic for security.

Question 16

What is malware?

Answer 16

Malicious software like viruses, worms, ransomware.

Question 17

How can phishing be prevented?

Answer 17

User training, spam filters, 2FA.

Question 18

What does the Computer Misuse Act 1990 do?

Answer 18

Criminalises unauthorised access, hacking, and modifying data.

Question 19

Three main offences under CMA?

Answer 19

1) Unauthorised access, 2) With intent, 3) Intent to impair systems

Question 20

What is the DPA (2018) / UK GDPR?

Answer 20

Law that protects personal data and gives users rights.

Question 21

What is encryption?

Answer 21

Scrambling data so it can only be read with a key.

Question 22

What is 2FA?

Answer 22

Two-Factor Authentication – extra security layer.

Question 23

What is validation?

Answer 23

Ensuring data is in the correct format.

Question 24

What is verification?

Answer 24

Ensuring data is accurate and true (e.g. double entry).

Question 25

Give an example of a range check.

Answer 25

Age must be between 18 and 100.

Question 26

What is a presence check?

Answer 26

Ensures a field is not left blank.

Question 27

What is a format check?

Answer 27

Ensures data matches a pattern (e.g. email).

Question 28

What is an MIS?

Answer 28

Management Information System – helps organisations collect, process, and use data for decisions.

Question 29

One use of IT in retail?

Answer 29

Stock management, online sales, EFTPOS.

Question 30

One use of IT in healthcare?

Answer 30

Patient records, appointment systems.

Question 31

What is collaborative software?

Answer 31

Tools that allow multiple users to work on the same files (e.g. Google Docs).

Question 32

Two environmental impacts of IT systems?

Answer 32

Energy consumption, e-waste.

Question 33

How can IT reduce environmental impact?

Answer 33

Cloud computing (less local hardware), power-saving modes.

Question 34

What is the digital divide?

Answer 34

Gap between those with and without access to IT.