Unit 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is physiology
Study of structure and function of a living organism and its component parts
What are the different tissue types
Epithelial, connective, muscle, neural
What are the role of epithelial
Protect internal environment, exchange material between external and internal environment, connected to layers of cell and basal lamina
What is the role of connective tissue
Structural support (calcium providing rigidity) and barriers, has ecm,
What does ecm consist of
Collagen, elastin..
What is the role of muscle
Force, movement, attach to skeletal indirectly or directly
What is the role of neural
Very little ecm, carry info as electrical or chemical(from one part of body to another)
What is homeostasis
Maintain relatively stable internal environment
What are the four mechanisms of cell to cell communication
Gap junctions, contact dependent, local communication, long distance communication
What are gap junctions
Communication via connexions, open and closing
What are contact dependent
Communication between membrane molecules on two cells
What is local communication
Chemicals secreted by cells which act on neighbouring known as paracrine cells, and autocrine
What is long distance communication
Endocrine(chemical signals known as hormones) and nervous systems, combination between electrical and chemical signals
Why does some cells respond to chemical signals and others do not
Target cells have various receptor proteins, only respond to chemical signal if they have appropriate receptor
What are receptors
Usually trans membrane proteins or glycoproteins, usually found in plasma membrane and can be intracellular, membrane spanning receptors have three main domains: extracellular domain, trans membrane domain, intracellular domain
what determines chemical signals
it is the receptor that determines the type of response
what is the order of response to chemical signals?
signal molecule binds to receptor, activated receptor interact with molecule inside cell which starts signal, signal carried to nucleus, and response occurs
what is local control
effects exerted onneighbouring cells
what is reflex control
long distance path of nervous or endocrine system
what is the order of response loop
stimulus, sensor or receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, target or effector, response
what does response loop start with
stimulus
what is negative feedback
result in change to remove signal, return variable to original value, allow homeostatic control, keep system near set-point, result in oscillation around set-point, e.g. blood pressure
what is positive feedback
reinforce stimulus, send variable further than set point until external signal turns response off, not homeostatic, e.g. labour
what is feedback control
predict change is about to happen, start response loop and prevents change, e.g. smell of food
