Unit 1/2 Chemistry - Metals Flashcards
What are the properties of metals?
High melting and boiling points, malleable, lustrous, ductile, good conductors of electricity, good conductors of heat, low ionisation energy
Why are metals malleable?
Because of how the metal ions are held together in the sea of delocalised electrons. If the lattice is hit, the row of metal ions can slide past the other through the sea of electrons without breaking.
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Because metals can create an electrical circuit because of how the electrons are repelled by a negative electrode and are attracted to a positive electrode.
Why are metals lustrous?
Because photons (light) reflects of the delocalised electrons
Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?
Because the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged protons and the negatively charged electrons is so strong and hard to break.
What are some properties of transition metals?
More dense, higher melting and boiling point,
Describe the metallic bonding structure
Metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons
Why are metals good conductors of heat?
Because when heated, delocalised electrons can bump into each other and the metal ions and transfer heat.
What happens and is formed when a metal reacts with water?
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is formed
eg. potassium + water —> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
What happens and is formed when a metal reacts with acids?
A salt and hydrogen gas is produced
eg. magnesium + hydrochloric acid —> magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas
What happens and is formed when a metal reacts with oxygen?
A metal oxide is formed
eg. sodium + oxygen —> sodium oxide
Which way does reactivity increase and why?
Reactivity increases down a group because the valance electrons get further away from the nucleus which means they are held less strongly. The atom can easily lose it.
Does reactivity decrease or increase across a period and why?
Reactivity decreases across a period because there are more electrons. With more valance electrons the atom is less likely to give them away.
Which raw materials are required to extract ore?
Iron ore, coke (carbon), limestone (calcium carbonate) and air
How does a blast furnace work?
The furnace is at very high temperatures. Hot air gets blasted up from the bottom. Iron ore, coke and limestone are added to the top. The coke and oxygen react to make CO2 which then reacts to make CO. The carbon monoxide then reacts with iron oxide to produce iron and CO2. The limestone break down to form calcium oxide and CO2, Calcium oxide reacts to form slag. The molten iron it collected from the bottom.
