Unit 1/2 Revision Flashcards by Shayanne Khong

‘O in the middle of a chain is’?

Ethers
methoXYethane

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‘-CHO ending’ is what homologous series?

How to name?

Aldehydes

-anal (eg. methanal)

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Alcohol ending is what?

CH3OH (C is joined to O which is joined to H)

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Carboxylic acid ending?

-COOH (O–C-O-H)

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Carboxylic acid name ending?

-oic acid (eg. methanoic acid)

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CH3Cl

Name it
What homologous series?

Chloromethane
Haloalkanes

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-COOH is what homologous series?

-oic acids / carboxylic acids

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-CHO is what homologous series?

-anal / Aldehydes

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As you move down a group, first ionisation energy _____

decreases

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As you move across a period, first ionisation energy _____

increases

more protons in the nucleus so e- are held on tighter

Proper def:
This is due to increasing nuclear charge, which results in the outermost electron being more strongly bound to the nucleus.

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Which direction does metallic character (of an element) go on the periodic table?

from top right –> bottom left

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Which direction does non-metallic character (of an element) go on the periodic table?

from bottom left –> top right

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How many e- in an orbital

2 (each orbital can hold up to 2 electrons)

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Most metals have _____ BP and therefore are _____ state at room temperature

igh, in the solid

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Most non-metals have _____ BP and therefore are _____ state at room temp

low, not in solid

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Do non-polar molecules dissolve in water?

No (eg. oil or hydrocarbons)

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Is CH3OH soluble in water?

Yes because of its non-polar nature.

H in water forms intermolecular bonds with the O in CH3OH

Intermolecular bonds = _____ molecules

Give examples

between (outside)

dipole-dipole attraction, hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, dispersion forces

Intramolecular bonds = _____ molecules

Give examples

within (inside)

covalent, ionic, metallic

Conjugate pairs ____

Differ by a proton (which is 1 Hydrogen atom)

What is the conjugate pair of NH4+?

NH3

What are acid-base reactions?

Acid base reactions involve the transfer of one or more H+ ions from an acid to a base

Acid is a proton _____ (donor/acceptor)

donate

Bases are a proton _____ (donor/acceptor)

acceptor

When pH increases by 1, the solution gets _____x more _____

10x more basic

If 0.1M of NaOH has a pH of 13, what is the pH of 1M of NaOH?

What are the benefits of alloying?

- improve hardness/strength - improve resistance to corrosion - reduced mp/bp - reduce cost

How are larger crystals formed in mettalic lattices?

Metal is cooled slowly from molten state (cooled quickly for smaller crystals)

If small crystals are present in a metal, when zoomed up in a microscope, is the metal likely to be malleable/ductile or brittle?

Brittle (more crystal boundaries = more points of dislocation)

Do we change the name for covalent molecules or ionic?

covalent only (think carbon DIoxide)

What is avogadro's number?

6.02x10^23

Units for PV=nRT

P (kpa) V(L) n (mol) R (given) T (K)

CH3COOH acid or base? (weak or strong)

weak acid

NH3 acid or base? (weak or strong)

weak base

NaOH acid or base? (weak or strong)

strong base

...at a particular temperature and pressure (pressure and temperature are standard)

use molar volume equation n=V/Vm

Exceptions to oxidation numbers - H2O2 - metal hydrides - F2O

- H2O2: O is 1- NOT 2- - metal hydrides: H is 1- NOT 1+ - F2O: O is 2+ NOT 2-

esterfication reaction (reactants & products)

carboxylic acid + alcohol = ester + water - NEED CATALYST (sulfuric acid - H2SO4)

exceptions to electron configuration

complex acid base reactions (weird add elements one)

heat capacity formula

Q=CmAT