Unit 1 & 2- Seperating Particles And Method/ Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is crystallisation?

Answer 1

Crystallisation is when you separate water from salt

Question 2

What is the simple method of crystallisation

Answer 2

1. Crush the rock salt with a pastel and mortal (so it is easier for the salt to dissolve)
2. Dissolve the salt ( to separate the salt from the rock)
3. Filter off the rock (to separate the rock/ residue from the salty water)
4. Evaporate the water, on a Bunsen burner, take the evaporating basin off the bunsen burning before it starts spiting and let it evaporate naturally

Question 3

What is distillation

Answer 3

Separating a solid from a liquid

Question 4

What do u put in a solution when you are full scale distillation

Answer 4

Anti bumping granules

Question 5

What is the thing called that the distillate is carried through

Answer 5

Dilverary tube

Question 6

What it the thing called that passes cold water through so the distillate condense quicker

Answer 6

Liebig condenser

Question 7

Why is full scale distillation better?

Answer 7

Because…

1. You do not lose the distillate
2. There is a thermometer so you know when it is boiling

Question 8

What is filtration?

Answer 8

Filtration is when you filter a solid out of a liquid

Question 9

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 9

It is when you separate two liquids with similar boiling points

Question 10

What is the extra apparatus that you use in fractional distillation

Answer 10

Fractionating column

Question 11

In chromatography what does it mean i your ink does not travel up your page far

Answer 11

It means that the ink is not very soluble

Question 12

In chromatography what happen it you draw your line in ink

Answer 12

The ink line would travel up the page just like the substance you are testing

Question 13

What is an element

Answer 13

An element is a substance that are made from only one type of atom

Question 14

What is an atom

Answer 14

An atom is the smallest unit of an element the still has the same properties as an element

Question 15

What is a mixture

Answer 15

A mixture is when atoms, elements or molecules mix together

Question 16

What is a compound

Answer 16

A compound is when atoms of different elements join together

Question 17

What is a molecules?

Answer 17

A molecules is when two or more atoms join together

Question 18

What is the apparatus that is used in fractional distillation but not used in full scale distillation

Answer 18

A fractionating colum

Question 19

What will happen if you draw the pencil line in chromato graphy in pen

Answer 19

The ink will spread up the paper just like the substance that you are testing

Question 20

What does it mean if the ink your are testing does not travel far up the page

Answer 20

It is not very soluble

Question 21

What is an element

Answer 21

An element is a substance that are made from only one type of atom

Question 22

What is an atom

Answer 22

The smallest unit of an element that still has the same properties as an element

Question 23

What is a mixture

Answer 23

When atoms, element or molecules mix together

Question 24

What is a compounds

Answer 24

A compounds is when atoms of different elements join together

Question 25

What is a molecule

Answer 25

A molecule is when two or more atoms join together

Question 26

What is it called when a gas turns into a liquid

Answer 26

Condensation

Question 27

What is it called when a liquid turns into a solid

Answer 27

Freezing

Question 28

What is it called when solid turns into a liquid

Answer 28

Melting

Question 29

What is it called when a liquid turns into a gas

Answer 29

Evaporation

Question 30

What is it called when a solid turns into a gas

Answer 30

Sublimation

Question 31

What does a solid have

Answer 31

A fixed shape

Question 32

What is diffusion

Answer 32

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 33

Where is the protons and the neutrons in the atom

Answer 33

The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus

Question 34

Where are the electrons in the atom

Answer 34

The electrons are in the shells and orbit the nucleus

Question 35

Protons are...

Answer 35

Very heavy and positive

Question 36

Neutrons are...

Answer 36

Very heavy and neutral

Question 37

Electrons are...

Answer 37

Very light and negative

Question 38

In the atom where does most the mass come from

Answer 38

Most of the mass comes from the nucleus because it contains protons and neutrons and they are both very heavy

Question 39

Atomic number=

Answer 39

The smaller number

Question 40

Mass number=

Answer 40

The bigger number

Question 41

Proton=

Answer 41

Atomic number, so the smaller one

Question 42

Electrons=

Answer 42

Atomic number, so the smaller one

Question 43

Neutron=

Answer 43

Mass number - Atomic number

Question 44

What are isotopes

Answer 44

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers. They have the same numbers of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 45

What is relative atomic mass

Answer 45

The relative atomic mass of an element is the adverage mass of the isotopes of the element compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 46

The relative atomic mass has the same value as the....

Answer 46

Mass number

Question 47

How do you find the adverage mass of 35Cl abundance = 75% and 37Cl abundance = 25%

Answer 47

(35 ✖️75) + (37 ✖️25) ➗ 100 = 35.5

Question 48

What is relative formula mass (mass of a compound)

Answer 48

This is the mass of one formula unit of any compound. This is calculated by adding together the atomic masses of all the elements present in the compound

Question 49

CO2 in relative formula mass

Answer 49

CO2 | \ \ 12+16+16= 44

Question 50

How many electrons can the first shell hold

Answer 50

2 electrons

Question 51

How many electrons can the second shell hold

Answer 51

8 electrons

Question 52

How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold

Answer 52

8 electrons

Question 53

In the Periodic table what does the colum mean

Answer 53

How many electrons in the outer shell

Question 54

In the periodic table what does the periods mean

Answer 54

The amount of shells

Question 55

Name 6 properties of a metal

Answer 55

1. They are shiny 2. Good at conducting electricity 3. Good heat conductors 4. High melting point 5. They are malleable (they will change shape when hit with a hammer) 6. They are ductile (you can put it into wires

Question 56

What does a giant metallic structure have?

Answer 56

1. Sea of delocalised Mobile electrons | 2. Positive metal ions (cation)

Question 57

What does the metallic bonding have

Answer 57

Strong electrostatic attraction between the positive metal cations and the negative sea of delocalised electrons

Question 58

Why do metals have a high melting point and boiling point?

Answer 58

* when you melt a substance the particles are pulled away from each other * in a metal we need to pull the cations ways from each other * we need a lot of energy to over come the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive metal cations and the sea of delocalised electrons

Question 59

Why are metals good at conducting electricity

Answer 59

* electric currents is a flow of electrons * the sea of mobile delocalised electrons can move * they move to a positive terimal of a battery

Question 60

Why are metals malleable and ductile

Answer 60

* layers of cations (or atoms) slide over each other | * the sea of delocalised electrons stays around the cations so the attraction between the particles is maintain