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AP Human Geography > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sequent occupance

A

The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place; symbolizes how humans interact with their surroundings.

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2
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group; essence of how humans interact with nature.

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3
Q

Arithmetic density

A

The total number of people divided by the total land area; how many people per area of land.

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4
Q

Physiological density

A

The number of people per unit of area of arable land; relates to how much land is being used by how many people.

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5
Q

Hearth

A

The region from which innovative ideas originate. This relates to the important concept of the spreading of ideas from one area to another (diffusion).

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6
Q

Diffusion

A

The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time.

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7
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. Ex: spread of AIDS from New York, California, & Florida.

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8
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process.

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9
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places (Ex: hip:hop/rap music)

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10
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. (Ex: ideas placed on the internet)

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11
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. (Ex: PC & Apple competition, p40)

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12
Q

Absolute distance

A

Exact measurement of the physical space between two places.

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13
Q

Relative distance

A

Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places.

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14
Q

Distribution

A

The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.

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15
Q

Environmental determinism

A

People’s behavior was determined by their environment.

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16
Q

Absolute location

A

Position on Earth’s surface using the coordinate system of longitude (that runs from North to South Pole) and latitude (that runs parallel to the equator).

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17
Q

Relative location

A

Position on Earth’s surface relative to other features. (Ex: My house is west of 394).

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18
Q

Site

A

The physical character of place.

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19
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to other places.

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20
Q

Time-Space Compression

A

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system.

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21
Q

Friction of Distance

A

Quantity of interaction will decline with distance.

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22
Q

Distance Decay

A

Typically, the farther away one group is from another, the less likely the two groups are to interact.

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23
Q

Networks

A

defined by Manuel Castells as a set of interconnected nodes without a center.

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24
Q

Connectivity

A

The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. Geographers are concerned with the various means by which connections occur.

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25
Accessibility
The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach certain location from other locations.
26
Space
Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects.
27
Formal Region
uniform/homogenous region is an area within which everyone shares in common one or mare distinctive characteristics; common language or climate.
28
Functional Region
(nodal region) Area organized around a node or focal point; tied to the central point by transportation or communication systems or by economic or functional associations.
29
Vernacular Region
Perceptual Region is a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity.
30
Possibilism
The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.
31
Place Name
Often referred to as a places toponym (the name given to a place on Earth.
32
Place
Specific point on Earth.
33
Region
Area distinguished by combination of features.
34
Map
Tool; 2D flat model of Earth's surface or a part of it.
35
Geographic Information System (GIS)
information from different maps combined
36
Global Position System (GPS)
determines position of something.
37
Distortion
Altered shape of a 3D model after being projected in a 2D format.
38
Scale
distance on a map relative to the distance on Earth.
39
Mental Map
Internal representation of a portion of Earth.
40
Projection
flattening Earth on a 2D surface.
41
North and South Poles
the points farthest north and south on the Earth along its axis
42
Latitude
indicate a parallel-Equator
43
Parallel
circle drawn around globe parallel to equator; right angle to meridians
44
Longitude
location of each meridian
45
Meridian
arc between North/South Pole
46
Equator
Imaginary line-0 degrees latitude
47
Prime Meridian
Greenwich-0 degrees longitude
48
International Date Line
180 Degrees longitude; 24 hours cross
49
Built Landscape
an area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources [Changing attribute of a place]
50
Absolute Direction
A compass direction such as north or south.
51
Relative direction
Directions such as left, right, forward, backward, up, and down based on people's perception of places.
52
Natural Landscape
The physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by humans.
53
Dispersion
The pattern of spacing among individuals within geographic population boundaries.
54
Dispersed/Scattered
If objects in an area are relatively far apart.
55
Clustered/Agglomerated
If the objects in an area are close together.
56
Pattern
geometric arrangement of objects in space.
57
Linear Pattern
a pattern that is along straight lines, like rivers, streets, on railroad tracks.
58
Centralized Pattern
objects that circle another object
59
Random Pattern
a pattern that has no regular distortion that can be seen.
60
Model
a simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clarify casual relationships; explain patters, make decisions, predict future behavior
61
Time Zone
a region that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time.
62
Remote Sensing
A method of collecting data of Earth's surface via satellites.
63
Thematic map
A map that demonstrates a particular feature or a single variable.
64
Dot Map
a thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable
65
Cloropleth Map
map which a variable is depicted with shading or colors
66
Isoline Map
a thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value.
67
Statistical Map
Map which the variation in quantity of a factor (rainfall, population, or crops) in a geographic area is indicated; i.e. as a dot map
68
Cartogram
a map using relative size of political units to show a value.

AP Human Geography (1 decks)

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