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AP Government > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Types of Democracy - Direct Democracy

A

Citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues.

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1
Q

What is Government ?

A

A government is composed of formal and informal institutions, people, and used to create and conduct public policies.

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2
Q

Types of Democracy - Representative Democracy

A

Citizens choose representatives to decide for them.

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3
Q

Philosophers - Thomas Hobbes

A

“State of Nature”

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4
Q

Philosophers - John Locke

A

Social Contract

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5
Q

Philosophers - Montesquieu

A

Rule by the people

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6
Q

Forms of government - Oligarchy

A

Rule by a few

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7
Q

Forms of government - Anarchy

A

Lack of government

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8
Q

Forms of government - Democracy

A

Rule by the people

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9
Q

Devolution

A

A transfer of power to political subunits

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10
Q

Sixth weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

Delegates picked and paid for by legislatives

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11
Q

What was the first constitution of the United States?

A

The Articles of Confederation

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12
Q

When was the Articles of Confederation replaced?

A

1789

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13
Q

Third weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

Congress could not regulate commerce

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14
Q

First weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

Unicameral Legislature

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14
Q

Mandates

A

A requirement a state undertake, an activity or provide a service.

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15
Q

Seventh weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

Laws needed approval by 9/13 states

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16
Q

Eighth weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

Amendments had to be unanimously approved.

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17
Q

Ninth weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

No executive branch

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18
Q

Tenth weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

No national court system

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19
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

People rule

-voting

20
Q

Separation of powers

A

3 branches of government

21
Q

Twelfth weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

Small army, dependent on States militias

22
Q

Eleventh weakness of the Articles of Confederation

A

Little money copied by Congress

23
Second weakness of the Articles of Confederation
Congress could not collect taxes
24
Federalism
The division of government powers between states and national government
25
Cooperative federalism
States and federal government work together to solve complex problems
26
Judicial review
Judge's effect on how courts interpret laws.
27
Dual federalism
State and federal government remain dominant in their own separate spheres of influence
28
Informal method 2:
Executive actions
29
Fiscal Federalism
Money
30
Thirteenth weakness of the Articles of Cobfederation
Territorial disputes between states
31
Fifth weakness of the Articles of Confederation
One vote in Congress for each state
32
Grants-in-aid
Money paid from one level of government to another to be spent for a specific purpose
33
Block grants
Given for a broad, general purpose
34
Categorical grants
Target specific purposes and "strings attached"
35
Virginia Plan
- Bicameral | - states represented based on population
36
New Jersey plan
- Unicameral | - All states represented equally
37
The federalist papers were written by
James Madison John Jay Alexander Hamilton
38
Formal method 2:
Proposal by 2/3 of the national convention called by congress Passage by 3/4 of special state conventions
39
The federalist paper purpose was
To advocate the ratification of the new constitution by the states
40
Federalist 10
Factions
41
Extradition
States may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the governor of that state
42
Formal method 1:
Proposal by 2/3 of both houses of congress | Passage by 3/4 of state legislatures
43
Legislative actions
Congress has passed various acts that have altered or made clear the meaning of the constitution.
44
Executive actions
The manner in which presidents use their powers can create informal amendments and expand presidential authorities.
45
Privileges and immunities clause
States are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of other states
46
McCulloh v. Maryland
Necessary and proper clause | Supremacy clause
47
Fourth weakness of the Articles of Confederation
Sovereignty independence retained by the states
48
Lopez v. US
Gun free school act
49
Full faith and credit clause
States are required to recognise the laws and legal documents of other states

AP Government (6 decks)

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