Unit 1-3 Flashcards
What was the Mamluk Sultanate?
Who controlled it, what ethnicity?
A government controlled by Egyptian Mamluks, who were enslaved ethnic Turks serving as soldiers and bureaucrats.
Who were the Seljuk Turks, and what was their impact?
A group of Muslims whose leader was called the Sultan. They reduced Abbasid power and conquered parts of the Middle East to West China.
What was the role of the Crusaders in Dar al-Islam?
Christian Crusaders rebelled against Muslim rule, fighting to regain access to the Holy Cities.
How did the Mongols impact the Abbasid Empire?
The Mongols conquered the Abbasid Empire, leading to significant changes in the region.
Why did Baghdad decline in importance?
Trade shifted north, causing Baghdad, a major trade capital, to fall into economic decline.
What role did Islamic scholars play in cultural continuities?
They translated Aristotle’s works, transferred mathematical knowledge to Europe, and learned about paper-making.
Who was Nasir al-Din al-Tusi?
A famous Islamic scholar known for his contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy.
Who was A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah?
A female Muslim writer who reflected on Islamic study and Sufi self-reflection.
What was the role of Sufi missionaries?
They spread Islam through personal devotion, mysticism, and self-reflection, influencing diverse communities.
How were merchants viewed in Islamic society?
They were highly respected and often wealthy, though Islamic Caliphs discriminated against non-Arabs.
What were Islamic policies on slavery?
Islam prohibited enslaving monotheists, and enslaved people were often freed upon conversion.
How did enslaved women in Islamic society have more freedom?
They could work, earn wages, and sometimes buy their freedom.
How did Muhammad’s policies improve the status of women?
He granted more rights to single women and allowed them to inherit property and hold higher social status.
How did the Umayyads impact Spain?
What did they establish?
They invaded Spain and established Córdoba as a cultural and political center.
What was the significance of the Battle of Tours?
It stopped the Islamic expansion into Western Europe.
What were some key features of Islamic rule in Spain?
Religious tolerance, peace, and prosperity through trade.
What were dhow ships, and why were they important?
They were efficient trading vessels used in the Indian Ocean trade.
What was the House of Wisdom?
A large library in Baghdad where scholars translated and preserved knowledge from various cultures.
How did different religions influence each other in Dar al-Islam?
Many religious groups exchanged ideas, leading to cultural and intellectual growth.
