Unit 1

Question 0

What is the study of anatomy?

Answer 0

The study of structures within the body and their relation to one another.

Question 1

What are the three essential concepts involved the organisation of the body?

Answer 1

1 the complementarity of structure
2 the hierarchy of structural organisation
3 homeostasis

Question 2

What is the study of physiology?

Answer 2

Physiology concerns the function of the body.

Question 3

What is macroscopic anatomy?

Answer 3

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.for example the heart, lungs, kidney.

Question 4

What is another name for macroscopic anatomy?

Answer 4

Gross anatomy.

Question 5

What is the definition Of the Greek word gross

Answer 5

To cut or dissect

Question 6

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 6

All the structures muscles,bones,blood vessels/nerves.

Question 7

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 7

The study of anatomy by system ie cardiovascular system.

Question 8

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 8

It is a subdivision of gross anatomy is the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.for example a bodybuilder a biceps beneath the skin.

Question 9

What is microscopic anatomy?

Answer 9

Structures too small to see with the naked eye.including the subdivisions of cytology involving the cells of the body and histology the study of tissues.

Question 10

What is developmental anatomy?

Answer 10

Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the lifespan.a further subdivision is embryology which involves the study of the embryo developmental changes that occur before birth.

Question 11

What is pathological anatomy?

Answer 11

The study of structural changes caused by disease.

Question 12

What is radio graphic anatomy?

Answer 12

Radiographic anatomy is the study of internal structures as visualised by X-ray images or specialised scanning procedures.

Question 13

When does molecular biology fall under the anatomy umbrella?

Answer 13

When we push anatomical studies to the sub-cellular level.

Question 14

What is the meaning of the prefix ana in relation to anatomical terminology?

Answer 14

Meaning apart,again,up.for example anaphase of mitosis when chromosomes separate.

Question 15

What does palpating involve?

Answer 15

Feeling organs with your hands.

Question 16

What does auscultation involve?

Answer 16

Listening to or again sounds with a stethoscope.

Question 17

What does the study if physiology involve?

Answer 17

Focuses on the cellular or molecular level.

Question 18

What is renal physiology?

Answer 18

A study concerned with kidney function and urine production.

Question 19

What is cardiovascular physiology?

Answer 19

Examines the operation of the heart and vessels.

Question 20

What is the principal of complementarity of structure and function?

Answer 20

Anatomy and physiology are codependent and inseparable as functions always reflect structure and this is the principle of complementarity.

Question 21

What is the simplest level of structural organisation or hierarchy in the body?

Answer 21

The chemical level for example atoms, tiny building blocks of matter.

Question 22

What do atoms combine with in order to become molecules?

Answer 22

Molecules combine with water and protein to form molecules.

Question 23

What are tissues?

Answer 23

Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function.

Question 24

What are the four basic tissue types?

Answer 24

Epithelium Muscle Connective tissue Nervous tissue

Question 25

When molecules associate in a specific way what do they form?

Answer 25

Organelles which are basic components of the microscopic cells.

Question 26

What is the order of hierarchy structure for living tissue and the body?

Answer 26

Atoms tiny building blocks of matter and cells the smallest unit of living things Atoms combine with proteins and water to create molecules Molecules in turn arrange themselves in a specific way to form and become organelles Organelles combine in like groups and form tissue

Question 27

What is epithelium?

Answer 27

A tissue that covers the bodies surface and lines it's cavities.

Question 28

What is the purpose if muscle?

Answer 28

To provide movement in some instances to generate heat

Question 29

What does connective tissue do?

Answer 29

Connective tissue provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses

Question 30

What is an organ?

Answer 30

An organ is a discrete structure composed of at least two types of tissue however it is usually composed of all four. For example the stomach lining is epithelium that produces digestive juices the bulk of it is muscle that churns and mixes the stomach and the connective tissue reinforces the soft muscular walls and nerve fibres increase digestive activity by stimulating the muscle to contract.

Question 31

What is the highest level of organisation in the body?

Answer 31

The organism all level is the highest level of organisation in the body and represent the total of all structural levels working together to promote life.

Question 32

What is the multicellular state in relation to the body?

Answer 32

Is the parceling out of vital body functions to several different organ systems resulting in the interdependence of all body cells.organ systems do not work in isolation.

Question 33

Why is maintaining boundaries important within the body?

Answer 33

It is important to maintain boundaries so that the internal environment or insides remain distinct from the external environment outside.

Question 34

Explain boundaries in a single celled organism?

Answer 34

In single celled organisms the external boundary is a limiting membrane that encloses its contents and admits needed substances while restricting entry of potentially damaging or unnecessary substances

Question 35

What are all cells in the body surrounded by

Answer 35

A permeable membrane as a whole the body is enclosed and protected by the integumentary system or skin which protects the internal organs from drying out a fatal change, bacteria and the damaging effect of heat sunlight and chemicals

Question 36

What is contractility?

Answer 36

Contractility in relation to the muscles ability to move by shortening

Question 37

What is responsiveness or irritability in relation to the body

Answer 37

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and respond to them or temperature changes or a drop in ixygen levels

Question 38

What is digestion?

Answer 38

Digestion is the breaking down of ingested food stuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.the nutrient rich blood is then distributed to all body cells by the cardiovascular system

Question 39

What is described as a one celled organism that itself is a digestion factory?

Answer 39

A single celled organism such as amoeba

Question 40

The human body is multicellular true or false

Answer 40

True the multicellular human body performs the function for the entire body

Question 41

What is metabolism?

Answer 41

Metabolism is a "state of change" a broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells and includes the breaking down of substances into simpler building blocks ie catabolism

Question 42

What is catabolism?

Answer 42

The breaking down of substances into simpler building blocks.

Question 43

What is anabolism?

Answer 43

Anabolism is synthesising or creating more complex cellular structures from simpler substances

Question 44

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 44

Cellular respiration is using nutrients and oxygen to produce via ATP the energy rich molecules thy power cellular activities.

Question 45

What does the metabolism depend on?

Answer 45

The metabolism depends on the digestive and respiratory system to make nutrients and oxygen available to the blood and cardiovascular system

Question 46

What does the integumentary system of the body involve?

Answer 46

Hair, skin,nails protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesised vitamin dans is a site of cutaneous (pain, pressure vet) receptors and sweat oil glands

Question 47

What is the skeletal system and it's function?

Answer 47

Protects and supports body organs and provides the framework for the muscles to pull on and create movement.blood cells are formed within bones as stored minerals

Question 48

What is the muscular system an it's function?

Answer 48

The muscular system allows movement and manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expressions, maintaining posture and producing heat

Question 49

What is the nervous system?

Answer 49

The nervous system is fast acting control system of the body which responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.it involves the sensory receptor in the brain the spinal cord and nerves

Question 50

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 50

The endocrine system secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth,reproduction and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells

Question 51

What is the cardiovascular system?

Answer 51

The cardiovascular system involves blood vessels transporting blood oxygen,carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes.the heart pumps the blood

Question 52

What is the lymphatic system/immunity?

Answer 52

The lymphatic system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood.disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream: houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity.the immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body.

Question 53

What does the lymphatic system involve?

Answer 53

``` Lymphatic vessels Thymus Thoracic duct Spleen Lymph nodes Red bone marrow ```

Question 54

What is involved in the respiratory system?

Answer 54

The respiratory system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide and gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacks of the lungs

Question 55

What are key components of the respiratory system?

Answer 55

``` Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lung Bronchus ```

Question 56

What is involved within the digestive system?

Answer 56

The digestive system breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.indigestible food stuff is eliminated as feces

Question 57

What are key components within the digestive system?

Answer 57

``` Oral cavity Esophagus Liver Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectun Anus ```

Question 58

What is the urinary system?

Answer 58

The urinary system eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte and acid balance of the blood.

Question 59

What are key components of the urinary system.

Answer 59

Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra

Question 60

What is the function of the male an female reproductive system?

Answer 60

Overall function to produce offspring.testes produce sperm and male sex hormone, ducts and glands aid in the delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract.ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones and the remaining structures serve as sites for fertilisation and development if the fetus.mammary glands produce milk

Question 61

What key components are within the male reproductive system?

Answer 61

``` Prostate gland Testis Scrotum Ductus Deferens ```

Question 62

What key components are involved within the female reproductive system?

Answer 62

``` Mammary glands Ovary Uterus Vagina Uterine tube ```

Question 63

What is homeostasis?

Answer 63

A state of equilibrium or stable internal environment within the body

Question 64

What is excretion?

Answer 64

Excretion is the process of removing (excreta) or wastes from the body with the help of several organ systems. Ie digestive system rids of indigestible food residues as feces.the urinary system disposes of nitrogen containing metabolic waste such as urea in urine.carbon dioxide is the by product if cellular respiration where it is carried by the blood to the lungs and leaves the body as exhaled air